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. 2022 Jun 10;11:175. doi: 10.1038/s41377-022-00864-y

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 11 — a Transcranial NIR stimulation of VTA dopamine neurons. In the presence of both UCNPs and ChR2, significant release of dopamine can be detected under the stimulation of NIR. b Transcranial NIR inhibition of neural activity to silence seizure. c Transcranial NIR stimulation of hippocampal engram for memory recall. Reprinted with permission from ref. ¹⁰³. Copyright 2018 American Association for the Advancement of Science