Table 5.
Swallowing physiology outcomes across sham and anodal transcranial direct stimulation (atDCS) groups.
| Characteristic | Sham | Low-dose atDCS | High-dose atDCS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline PCRa | |||
| N | 15 | 13 | 14 |
| Mean (SD) | 0.12 (0.11) | 0.13 (0.15) | 0.08 (0.07) |
| Minimum, maximum | 0.02,0.45 | 0.01,0.54 | 0.01,0.28 |
| Change from baseline to day 5 PCR | |||
| N | 13 | 13 | 14 |
| Mean (SD) | − 0.02 (0.06) | − 0.1 (0.12) | − 0.01(0.09) |
| Minimum, maximum | − 0.09,0.09 | − 0.29,0.05 | − 0.16,0.19 |
| Baseline PDTb | |||
| N | 14 | 11 | 13 |
| Mean (SD) | 13.3 (14.9) | 28.2 (29.3) | 11.2 (16.1) |
| Minimum, maximum | 0, 42.8 | 0,88.3 | 0,60.0 |
| Change from baseline to day 5 PDT | |||
| N | 14 | 11 | 13 |
| Mean (SD) | 0.83 (20.6) | − 7.3 (43.4) | 5.2 (21.3) |
| Minimum, maximum | − 37.2,43.3 | − 75, 73.3 | − 41.7,43.3 |
| Baseline hyoid excursion | |||
| N | 15 | 12 | 13 |
| Mean (SD) | 1.08 (0.44) | 1.19 (0.31) | 1.13 (0.58) |
| Minimum, maximum | 0.39,1.86 | 0.64,1.65 | 0.27,2.03 |
| Change from baseline to day 5 hyoid excursion | |||
| N | 12 | 12 | 13 |
| Mean (SD) | 0.05 (0.87) | − 0.2 (0.36) | − 0.4 (0.75) |
| Minimum, maximum | − 1.36,1.46 | − 0.66,0.54 | − 1.72,1.40 |
| Baseline laryngeal excursion | |||
| N | 12 | 9 | 12 |
| Mean (SD) | 1.98 (0.53) | 2.07 (1.0) | 2.04 (0.77) |
| Minimum, maximum | 1.24,3.13 | 0.35,3.48 | 0.75,3.47 |
| Change from baseline to day 5 laryngeal excursion | |||
| N | 9 | 8 | 12 |
| Mean (SD) | 0.14 (0.67) | 0.17 (1.4) | 0.07 (0.81) |
| Minimum, maximum | − 1.08,1.20 | − 1.21,2.61 | − 1.12,1.48 |
| Baseline pharyngeal excursion | |||
| N | 14 | 10 | 13 |
| Mean (SD) | 1.17 (0.97) | 1.22 (0.62) | 0.95 (1.12) |
| Minimum, maximum | − 0.82,3.13 | 0.11,2.21 | − 0.54,3.22 |
| Change from baseline to day 5 pharyngeal excursion | |||
| N | 13 | 10 | 13 |
| Mean (SD) | − 0.07 (0.95) | 0.0 (1.02) | 0.09 (1.10) |
| Minimum, maximum | − 1.24,1.64 | − 1.46,2.25 | − 1.42,1.89 |
aPharyngeal Constriction Ratio.
bPharyngeal Delay Time.