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. 2022 Jun 10;12:9580. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13091-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental design. Top: TDCS was applied with 5 × 7 cm² square electrodes with anodal on C4 and cathodal on the right supraorbital area. We applied four different current intensities of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mA. Current waveform consisted of 4 s ramp-up, 30 s stimulation and 4 s ramp-down. Middle and bottom: We performed a single run of pcASL, with a block of 4 min finger-tapping (FT) followed by four consecutive 10 min blocks of stimulation (TDCS) with randomized order of intensities, ending with a block of 4 min FT. Total duration of the scanning session is approximately 50 min.