Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jun 11;13:3361. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31113-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — a Unconstrained principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) with weighted unifrac distance across the whole dataset. (***P < 0.001, PerMANOVA by Adonis). Control: no fertilisation; NPK: chemical fertiliser nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; NPKM: organic manure plus chemical fertiliser; BS: bulk soil; RS: rhizosphere soil; RE: root endosphere; VE: xylem sap; SE: stem endosphere; LE: leaf endosphere; P: phylloplane. b Effects of site, fertilisation treatments, and site × fertilisation on bacterial community structure in each compartment as tested by PerMANOVA. c Violin plot showing distribution of Shannon’s index of the bacterial community in each compartment. Horizontal bars within boxes denote medians. Tops and bottoms of boxes represent 25th and 75th percentiles, and lines extend to the 1.5× interquartile range. Letters indicate statistical significance among groups using two-sided Wilcoxon test (adjusted P < 0.05 by Benjamini and Hochberg method). The sample sizes are as follows: BS, 126; RS, 141; RE, 138; VE, 119; SE, 120; LE, 158; P, 152. d–f, Distance-decay curves showing Bray–Curtis similarity against geographic distances (d), edaphic distances (e), and climatic distances (f). Solid lines represent ordinary least-squares linear regressions. Source data and exact P values are provided in the Source Data file.