Table 4.

Multivariable Analysis of Time to Functional Use for Patients Who Underwent Graft Placement

Characteristic	HRa (95% CI)	P	Overall Effectb
Patient
CFI quartile			0.09
1	1.00 (reference)	–
2	0.98 (0.89–1.07)	0.7
3	0.94 (0.85–1.03)	0.2
4	0.88 (0.79–0.99)	0.03
Time to graft creation, per 1 mo longer	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	0.3	–
Age			0.1
18–49 y	1.00 (reference)	–
50–64 y	1.09 (0.94–1.27)	0.2
65–74 y	1.18 (1.01–1.38)	0.03
75–84 y	1.23 (1.04–1.45)	0.01
≥85 y	1.23 (1.03–1.48)	0.02
Female sex	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.5	–
Race and ethnicity			0.2
White, non-Hispanic	1.00 (reference)	–
Black, non-Hispanic	1.02 (0.96–1.09)	0.5
Asian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	1.18 (1.02–1.36)	0.03
Hispanic	1.05 (0.94–1.16)	0.4
Other	0.94 (0.72–1.24)	0.7
Medicare/Medicaid dual eligibility	1.03 (0.97–1.10)	0.3	–
Dialysis facility
Not-for-profit status	1.34 (1.19–1.51)	<0.001	–
Hospital-based (vs freestanding)	0.65 (0.53–0.80)	<0.001	–
PD recipients per facility			0.6
0	1.00 (reference)	–
1–10	1.00 (0.94–1.08)	0.9
11–25	0.96 (0.89–1.03)	0.3
26–50	0.96 (0.86–1.08)	0.5
>50	1.10 (0.90–1.34)	0.4
Patient to nurse ratio			0.3
>0–10	1.00 (reference)	–
>10–15	1.05 (0.94–1.17)	0.4
>15–20	1.08 (0.96–1.22)	0.2
>20	1.02 (0.90–1.16)	0.8
Patient to staff ratio			0.8
>0–4	1.00 (reference)	–
>4–5	0.95 (0.82–1.09)	0.5
>5–6	0.98 (0.85–1.12)	0.7
>6–7	0.96 (0.83–1.10)	0.5
>7–8	0.93 (0.80–1.09)	0.4
>8	0.91 (0.77–1.08)	0.3
Dialysis facility zip code sociodemographics
Median income			0.2
$0–<$25K	0.97 (0.83–1.13)	0.7
$25K–<$50K	1.00 (reference)	–
$50K–<$75K	1.04 (0.95–1.13)	0.4
$75K–<$100K	1.18 (1.02–1.37)	0.02
≥$100K	1.03 (0.84–1.25)	0.8
Population below poverty level			0.6
0%–<15%	1.00 (reference)	–
15%–<25%	0.96 (0.89–1.05)	0.4
≥25%	0.95 (0.85–1.07)	0.4
Unemployment			0.04
0%–<5%	1.00 (reference)	–
5%–<10%	1.06 (0.94–1.20)	0.4
10%–<15%	1.03 (0.90–1.18)	0.6
15%–<20%	1.20 (1.02–1.40)	0.03
≥20%	1.20 (0.98–1.47)	0.08
Population with at least high school diploma			0.3
0%–<15%	1.00 (reference)	–
15%–<30%	0.96 (0.89–1.03)	0.2
≥30%	1.01 (0.89–1.15)	0.8
Median rent			0.05
$0–<$500	0.97 (0.72–1.31)	0.8
$500–<$750	1.11 (1.00–1.22)	0.04
$750–<$1,000	1.04 (0.95–1.13)	0.4
$1,000–<$1,250	1.00 (reference)	–
≥$1,250	0.92 (0.82–1.03)	0.2

Abbreviations: CFI, claims-based frailty indicator; HR, hazard ratio; PD, peritoneal dialysis.

^aHazard ratios estimated using a Fine and Gray competing risks survival model with death modeled as a competing risk.

^bOverall effect estimated using Wald χ² test of overall effects estimated for covariates with more than 2 levels.