Table 3.
Immunohistochemical features related by the included articles
| Author (year of publication) | Positive Epithelial Markers | Positive Neuroendocrine Markers | Other positive markers | Negative Markers | Proliferation index (Ki67) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hayashi et al. (1987) | NI | Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) | S100, CEA, myosin | NI | NI |
| Yoshida et al. (1995) | Keratin, EMA | NSE | CEA | CK, desmin, vimentin, alfa-fetoprotein, ACTH, hCG, and S-100 | NI |
| Kim and Jang (2001) | AE1/AE3 | NSE | NI | NI | NI |
| Noguchi et al. (2002) | NI | NSE, CgA | NI | S100, vimentin and CEA | NI |
| Oku et al. (2002) | CAM5.2 | CgA and CD56 | NI | NI | NI |
| Güler et al. (2005) | AE1/AE3, CK8-18 | NSE (focal) | NI | LCA, CD20, CD3, CA15-3, vimentin, and S-100 | NI |
| Torazzi et al. (2007) | AE1/AE3 | Syn, NSE | EMA | CD45 Ro, CD20, CD3, and CD138 | NI |
| Nishihara et al. (2009) | AE1/AE3 | NSE, CD56 | EMA | CK20, vimentin, S100, HMB-45, CgA and Syn | 83% |
| Mochizuki et al. (2010) | CK7, CK19 | CgA, NSE, Syn, CD56 | NI | CK1, CK2, CK4, CK6, CK8, CK9, CK10, CK13, CK16, CK18 and CK20 | 80% |
| Chen et al. (2012) | AE1/AE3 | Syn, CgA and CD56 | GFAP | myogenic differentiation 1, EMA, S100, CD3, CD20, CD43, CD79a, CD99, LCA (CD45), BcL-2, HMB-45, melan-A, myeloperoxidase, and TTF-1 | NI |
| Cymerman et al. (2013) | AE1/AE3, MNF116, CK7, CK20 | Cg, CD56, Syn | NI | Melanoma and lymphoid markers | NI |
| Terada (2013) | Pan-CK MNF-116, CK34BE12, CK5/6, CK14 | Syn, CD56 | vimentin, KIT (CD117), p53, | AE1/3, CAM5.2, CK7, CK8, CK18, CK19, CK20, EMA, NSE, Cg, PDGFRA, CD45, CD45RO, CD3, CD20, CD30, CD79a, and bcl-2 | 70% |
| Yoshino et al. (2013) | NI | NSE, Syn, CD56 | NI | CgA, TTF-1 | 70% |
| Bothara et al. (2014) | NI | NSE, Cg | NI | NI | NI |
| Singla et al. (2014) | Pan-CK, CAM5.2 | CD56, Cg, Syn, TTF-1 | NI | NI | 80–90% |
| Wu et al. (2014) | NI | NSE, Syn | S100 | CgA, NF, TTF-1, vimentin, LCA, CD68, CK, AE1/AE3, CK7, CK20 and HMB-45 | NI |
| AE1/AE3, EMA | Syn | NI | CK20, CgA, vimentin, S100, calponin, NSE, HMB-45, LCA, NF and SMA | NI | |
| Esmati et al. (2015) | CK | NSE, Syn, Cg | NI | LCA | 60% |
| Gumusay et al. (2015) | CK | TTF-1, CgA, Syn | NI | CD3, CD20, CD30 and p63 | NI |
| Hamamoto et al. (2015) | NI | CD56, Syn, CgA | NI | p53 | 40% |
| NI | CD56, Syn | p53 | CgA | 70% | |
| NI | CD56, CgA | NI | Syn, p53 | 60% | |
| NI | CD56 | NI | Syn, CgA, p53 | 80% | |
| Zeng et al. (2015) | AE1/AE3 | CgA, Syn, NSE | NI | S100, vimentin, SMA, HMB-45, LCA, cluster of differentiation CD99, CD56, TTF-1 and CK20 | 70% |
| Sase et al. (2016) | Pan-CK | CD56, Syn | Neural markers | - | NI |
| Deyhimi et al. (2017) | CK, EMA, Pan-CK, CK20 | NSE, Syn, Cg | S100 | LCA, CD99, vimentin, desmin | NI |
| Udompatanakorn et al. (2018) | NI | Cg, Syn, CD56 | P16 | 34βE12 and p63 | NI |
| Olivetto et al. (2019) | AE1/AE3 | Syn, Cg, CD56 (focal) | TTF1, CD3, CD20 | NI | NI |
| Neftah et al. (2020) | Pan-CK | Cg | NI | Syn | 30% |
NI not informed, CK cytokeratin, NSE neuron specific enolase, TTF-1 thyroid transcription factor‑1, EMA epithelial membrane antigen, LCA leukocyte common antigen, SMA smooth muscle actin, ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase, HMB-45 human melanoma black-45, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, hCG human chorionic gonadotropin, ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone, NF neurofilament, Cg chromogranin, Syn synaptophysin, NCAM neural cell adhesion molecule, HMWK high-molecular-weight keratin