Table 2.
Clinical features of laryngeal neuroendocrine neoplasms (n = 27)
| Clinical features | Total | NET G2 | SCNEC | LCNEC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of cases | 27 | 9 (33.3%) | 16 (59.3%) | 2 (7.4%) |
| Median age, years (range) | 60 (31–84) | 56 (44–64) | 64 (31–84) | 60 (49–60) |
| Male: female ratio | 8:1 | 7:2 | 15:1 | 2:0 |
| Tobacco consumption (n = 23)a | 21/23 (91.3%) | 7/9 (77.8%) | 12/12 (100%) | 2/2 (100%) |
| Subsites | ||||
| Supraglottis | 22 (81.5%) | 9 (100%) | 13 (81.3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Glottis | 2 (7.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Subglottis | 3 (11.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (6.2%) | 2 (100%) |
| Distant metastasis at presentation (n = 22)a | 8/22 (36.4%) | 2/9 (22.2%) | 4/11 (36.4%) | 2/2 (100%) |
| Clinical staging (n = 23)a | ||||
| I and II | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| III | 4/23 (17.4%) | 2/8 (25%) | 2/13 (15.4%) | 0/2 (0%) |
| IV: | 19/23 (82.6%) | 6/8 (75%) | 11/13 (30.8%) | 2/2 (100%) |
| IVA | 7/23 (30.4%) | 3/8 (37.5%) | 4/13 (30.8%) | 0/2 (0%) |
| IVB | 4/23 (17.4%) | 1/8 (12.5%) | 3/13 (20.0%) | 0/2 (0%) |
| IVC | 8/23 (34.8%) | 2/8 (25%) | 4/13 (30.8%) | 2/2 (100%) |
| Specimen | ||||
| Biopsy onlyb | 15 (55.6%) | 1 (11.1%) | 12 (75%) | 2 (100%) |
| Excision specimen | 12 (44.4%) | 8 (88.9%) | 4 (25%) | 0 (0%) |
| Treatment (n = 22)a,c | ||||
| Surgery alone | 4 | 4 | – | – |
| Surgery plus adjuvant RT | 1 | 1 | – | – |
| Surgery plus CRT | 3 | 3 | – | – |
| Surgery plus CT | 4 | – | 4 | – |
| CRT | 4 | – | 4 | – |
| Palliative RT | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Palliative Chemotherapy | 5 | – | 3 | 2 |
| Follow-up number (range in months) | 21 (2–74) | 8 (6–74) | 11 (2–25) | 2 (5–6.5) |
| Local recurrence (n = 21)a | 6/21 (28.6%) | 2/8 (25%) | 4/11 (36.4%) | 0/2 (0) |
| Distant metastasis (n = 22)a | 15/22 (68.2%) | 5/9 (55.6%) | 8/11 (72.7%) | 2/2 (100%) |
| Lung | 7 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Liver | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Bone | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Cutaneous | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| Peritoneal | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Brain | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Outcome (n = 21)a | ||||
| Alive no evidence of disease | 4/21 (19.0%) | 2/8 (25%) | 2/11 (18.2%) | 0/2 (0%) |
| Alive with disease | 8/21 (38.1%) | 4/8 (50%) | 3/11 (27.3%) | 1/2 (50%) |
| Died of disease | 9/21 (42.9%) | 2/8 (25%) | 6/11 (54.5%) | 1/2 (50%) |
NET G2 neuroendocrine tumor, Grade 2; SCNEC small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, LCNEC large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, RT radiotherapy, CRT chemoradiation, CT chemotherapy
aWhere information was available
bPatients with unresectable or metastatic disease had only biopsy samples as the pathologic material
cTwo patients underwent neck dissection at recurrence while another 2 received peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) at progression