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. 2022 Jun 11;20:268. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03461-0

Table 3.

The odd ratios of treatments for patients with and without chronic fatigue syndrome in difference subgroup of comorbidities

Variable Control
(n = 6306)
CFS
(n = 6306)
Odds ratio
Crude (95% CI) p-value Adjusted (95% CI) p-value
Depression
No Yes No Yes
SSRI 1.69 (1.29,2.22)*** < 0.001 1.52 (1.14,2.03)** 0.004
 No 5633 313 4990 535
 Yes 266 94 509 272
SNRI 2.72 (1.67,4.42)*** < 0.001 2.56 (1.55,4.23)*** < 0.001
 No 5809 386 5362 703
 Yes 90 21 137 104
SARI 1.91 (1.43,2.54)*** < 0.001 1.73 (1.28,2.36)*** < 0.001
 No 5599 328 4971 553
 Yes 300 79 528 254
TCAs 1.30 (0.78,2.17) 0.305 1.21 (0.71,2.08) 0.480
 No 5812 385 5362 751
 Yes 87 22 137 56
BZD 1.96 (1.42,2.71)*** < 0.001 1.77 (1.24,2.52)** 0.002
 No 3178 82 2016 92
 Yes 2721 325 3483 715
NDRI 1.75 (0.93,3.28) 0.083 1.60 (0.82,3.09) 0.167
 No 5872 394 5447 763
 Yes 27 13 52 44
Muscle relaxant 1.58 (0.92,2.73) 0.100 1.27 (0.72,2.25) 0.411
 No 5750 389 5259 752
 Yes 149 18 240 55
Analgesic drug 13.7 (6.41,29.15)*** < 0.001 11.15 (5.00,24.87)*** < 0.001
 No 1022 49 94 8
 Yes 4877 358 5405 799
Supportive individual psychotherapy 1.52 (1.13,2.04)** 0.006 1.27 (0.92,1.74) 0.142
 No 5700 332 5204 601
 Yes 199 75 295 206
Intensive individual psychotherapy 1.94 (0.72,5.23) 0.191 1.79 (0.58,5.46) 0.310
 No 5890 402 5463 788
 Yes 9 5 36 19
Re-educative individual psychotherapy 1.72 (1.28,2.31)*** < 0.001 1.50 (1.10,2.05)* 0.011
 No 5724 333 5240 584
 Yes 175 74 259 223
Stretching exercise 1.12 (0.77,1.64) 0.538 1.12 (0.76,1.66) 0.563
 No 5522 362 5008 708
 Yes 377 45 491 99
Therapeutic exercise 1.80 (1.30,2.50)*** < 0.001 1.81 (1.29,2.55)*** < 0.001
 No 5184 351 4606 627
 Yes 715 56 893 180
Brainwave examination, sleep or wakefulness 1.01 (0.45,2.27) 0.983 0.98 (0.42,2.30) 0.959
 No 5776 398 5380 789
 Yes 123 9 119 18
Variable Control CFS Odds ratio
Crude (95% CI) p-value Adjusted (95% CI) p-value
Anxiety disorder
No Yes No Yes
SSRI 1.70 (1.38,2.09)*** < 0.001 1.54 (1.24,1.92)*** < 0.001
 No 5054 892 3918 1607
 Yes 219 141 350 431
SNRI 2.41 (1.63,3.57)*** < 0.001 2.02 (1.35,3.03)*** < 0.001
 No 5194 1001 4173 1892
 Yes 79 32 95 146
SARI 1.60 (1.31,1.96)*** < 0.001 1.37 (1.11,1.7)** 0.004
 No 5045 882 3925 1599
 Yes 228 151 343 439
TCAs 1.25 (0.86,1.83) 0.238 1.14 (0.77,1.68) 0.508
 No 5204 993 4173 1940
 Yes 69 40 95 98
BZD 1.89 (1.56,2.29)*** < 0.001 1.68 (1.37,2.06)*** < 0.001
 No 3022 238 1829 279
 Yes 2251 795 2439 1759
NDRI 2.09 (1.21,3.64)** 0.009 1.84 (1.04,3.25)* 0.037
 No 5249 1017 4237 1973
 Yes 24 16 31 65
Muscle relaxant 1.57 (1.09,2.25)* 0.015 1.46 (1.01,2.11)* 0.046
 No 5147 992 4097 1914
 Yes 126 41 171 124
Analgesic drug 7.84 (4.7,13.09)*** < 0.001 7.80 (4.55,13.38)*** < 0.001
 No 1000 71 83 19
 Yes 4273 962 4185 2019
Supportive individual psychotherapy 1.37 (1.09,1.72)** 0.007 1.15 (0.9,1.47) 0.267
 No 5113 919 4063 1742
 Yes 160 114 205 296
Intensive individual psychotherapy 2.34 (1.03,5.31)* 0.043 1.87 (0.79,4.46) 0.155
 No 5266 1026 4245 2006
 Yes 7 7 23 32
Re-educative individual psychotherapy 1.58 (1.25,2.00)*** < 0.001 1.34 (1.04,1.73)* 0.025
 No 5128 929 4092 1732
 Yes 145 104 176 306
Stretching exercise 1.49 (1.15,1.93)** 0.003 1.44 (1.1,1.88)** 0.008
 No 4936 948 3918 1798
 Yes 337 85 350 240
Therapeutic exercise 1.32 (1.08,1.61)** 0.006 1.29 (1.05,1.58)* 0.016
 No 4669 866 3609 1624
 Yes 604 167 659 414
Brainwave examination, sleep or wakefulness 0.69 (0.44,1.09) 0.109 0.67 (0.42,1.07) 0.095
 No 5175 999 4178 1991
 Yes 98 34 90 47
Variable Control CFS Odds ratio
Crude (95% CI) p-value Adjusted (95% CI) p-value
Insomnia
No Yes No Yes
SSRI 1.81 (1.47,2.24)*** < 0.001 1.65 (1.32,2.06)*** < 0.001
 No 4969 977 3667 1858
 Yes 231 129 336 445
SNRI 1.74 (1.23,2.47)** 0.002 1.54 (1.07,2.21)* 0.019
 No 5131 1064 3910 2155
 Yes 69 42 93 148
SARI 1.45 (1.2,1.76)*** < 0.001 1.30 (1.06,1.59)* 0.011
 No 4991 936 3701 1823
 Yes 209 170 302 480
TCAs 1.62 (1.09,2.4)* 0.018 1.58 (1.05,2.38)* 0.027
 No 5124 1073 3919 2194
 Yes 76 33 84 109
BZD 1.43 (1.2,1.71)*** < 0.001 1.37 (1.14,1.66)** 0.001
 No 3008 252 1714 394
 Yes 2192 854 2289 1909
NDRI 2.01 (1.14,3.55)* 0.016 1.75 (0.97,3.16) 0.062
 No 5175 1091 3969 2241
 Yes 25 15 34 62
Muscle relaxant 1.19 (0.86,1.65) 0.285 1.11 (0.80,1.55) 0.530
 No 5087 1052 3841 2170
 Yes 113 54 162 133
Analgesic drug 8.75 (5.77,13.25)*** < 0.001 8.00 (5.16,12.4)*** < 0.001
 No 960 111 73 29
 Yes 4240 995 3930 2274
Supportive individual psychotherapy 1.26 (1.01,1.59)* 0.044 1.03 (0.81,1.32) 0.784
 No 5042 990 3799 2006
 Yes 158 116 204 297
Intensive individual psychotherapy 1.63 (0.74,3.6) 0.228 1.31 (0.57,3.02) 0.519
 No 5194 1098 3975 2276
 Yes 6 8 28 27
Re-educative individual psychotherapy 1.57 (1.24,2)*** < 0.001 1.35 (1.04,1.74)* 0.024
 No 5049 1008 3826 1998
 Yes 151 98 177 305
Stretching exercise 1.30 (1.02,1.66)* 0.033 1.26 (0.99,1.62) 0.064
 No 4878 1006 3677 2039
 Yes 322 100 326 264
Therapeutic exercise 1.52 (1.25,1.84)*** < 0.001 1.52 (1.25,1.86)*** < 0.001
 No 4591 944 3406 1827
 Yes 609 162 597 476
Brainwave examination, sleep or wakefulness 0.84 (0.56,1.26) 0.405 0.88 (0.58,1.33) 0.539
 No 5106 1068 3933 2236
 Yes 94 38 70 67

CFS: chronic fatigue syndrome; CI: confidence interval; *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001