Table 1.
Demographic information of the participants
| Mean (SD) / n (%)a | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variable (Max. possible score) |
Time 1 (n = 131) |
Time 2 (n = 96) |
| Age | 5.31 (0.66) | 6.54 (0.63) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 70 (53.4%) | 52 (54%) |
| Female | 61 (46.6%) | 44 (46%) |
| WNV-general abilityb | 113 (12.8) | 114 (12.3) |
| SNAP-IV: Subscale Scoresc | ||
| Inattention (4) | 1.61 (0.59) | 1.88 (0.61) |
| Hyperactivity/impulsivity (4) | 1.56 (0.69) | 1.59 (0.63) |
| Psychosocial treatment conditiond | 27 (20.6%) | 19 (19.8%) |
| Education level of the mothere | ||
| Bachelor’s degree or above | 50 (38.2%) | 34 (35.4%) |
| Post-secondary diploma | 24 (18.3%) | 19 (19.8%) |
| High school | 56 (42.7%) | 43 (44.8%) |
| Primary school | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) |
| Monthly household incomef | ||
| Less than HK$20,000 | 26 (19.8%) | 18 (18.8%) |
|
HK$20,000 − $40,000 More than HK$40,000 Missing |
41 (31.3%) 63 (48.1%) 1 (0.8%) |
29 (30.2%) 48 (50.0%) 1 (1.0%) |
Note
a The preschoolers’ age, general ability measured nonverbally by the Weschler’s Non-Verbal Scale of Ability (WNV), and their subscale scores on the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale Version IV (SNAP-IV) are presented as means and standard deviations (in brackets). Other variables are presented as numbers of preschoolers and percentages within the sample (in brackets)
b Population mean is estimated to be 100 for the scores on the WNV, according to its manual
c Mean rating of items under each domain are reported
d The number of participants reported to be receiving psychosocial and/or behavioral training at the time of assessment
e According to the territory-wide census survey in 2020, about 60% of the female population in Hong Kong had attained post-secondary diploma or university degree (Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong SAR, 2021)
f The median monthly household income in Hong Kong in 2020 was HK$27,000 (Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong SAR, 2021)