. 2022 Jun 11;50(11):1381–1397. doi: 10.1007/s10802-022-00937-x

Table 4.

Hierarchical regression analyses predicting ADHD symptoms (measured by the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale Version IV) at Time 1 and 2 from neuropsychological deficits at Time 1

	Inattentiveness				Hyperactivity/Impulsivity
	Time 1		Time 2		Time 1		Time 2
	ΔR ²	ß	ΔR ²	ß	ΔR ²	ß	ΔR ²	ß
*Step 1*: Covariates^a	0.23^***		0.11^*		0.04		0.06
*Step 2: IAC*	0.06^*		0.06		0.08^*		0.11^*
KCPT omission error		0.21^**		0.17⁺		0.24^**		0.25^*
KCPT commission error		0.12		0.16		0.14		0.21^*
DeFT		− 0.01		0.03		− 0.05		− 0.05
*Step 2: DAv*	0.01		0.00		0.03⁺		0.00
MIDA		0.08		− 0.07		0.17⁺		− 0.06
*Step 2: TP/WM*	0.06^*		0.05		0.03		0.07
Picture location		0.13		0.06		0.05		− 0.02
Time discrimination		0.17^*		0.21^*		0.12		0.26^*
Time reproduction		− 0.15⁺		0.03		− 0.15		− 0.00
*Step 2*:	0.11^**		0.12		0.13^*		0.19^*
KCPT omission error		0.21^**		0.13		0.25^**		0.22^*
KCPT commission error		0.09		0.18⁺		0.12		0.26^*
DeFT		0.01		0.07		− 0.04		− 0.01
MIDA		0.04		− 0.13		0.14		− 0.11
Picture location		0.09		0.04		− 0.02		− 0.07
Time discrimination		0.16⁺		0.23^*		0.09		0.27^*
Time reproduction		− 0.17^*		− 0.01		− 0.15		− 0.07

Note. ⁺ p < .10; ^* p < .05; ^** p < .01; ^*** p < .001. Standardized regression coefficients (β) of the variables at the final step of each analysis are given

^a Age, general ability, and treatment condition were included as covariates

IAC = Inhibitory and attentional control deficit; DAv = Delay aversion; TP/WM = Time perception/working memory deficit; KCPT = Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test; DeFT = Delay frustration task; MIDA = Maudsley Index of Childhood Delay Aversion