. 2022 Jun 11;50(11):1381–1397. doi: 10.1007/s10802-022-00937-x

Table 5.

Hierarchical regression analyses predicting early academic performance at Time 1 and 2 from neuropsychological deficits at Time 1

	Word Reading				Numeration
	Time 1		Time 2		Time 1		Time 2
	ΔR ²	ß	ΔR ²	ß	ΔR ²	ß	ΔR ²	ß
*Step 1*: Covariates^a	0.27^***		0.23^***		0.36^***		0.26^***
*Step 2: IAC*	0.01		0.00		0.03		0.06⁺
KCPT omission error		0.01		0.03		− 0.17^*		− 0.17⁺
KCPT commission error		− 0.07		0.01		0.08		0.00
DeFT		− 0.02		0.01		− 0.01		− 0.18⁺
*Step 2: DAv*	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.01
MIDA		− 0.06		− 0.02		0.00		0.08
*Step 2: TP/WM*	0.06^*		0.06⁺		0.03⁺		0.05
Picture location		− 0.10		− 0.21⁺		− 0.04		− 0.30^*
Time discrimination		− 0.20^*		− 0.17		− 0.08		0.04
Time reproduction		− 0.07		0.05		− 0.17^*		− 0.05
*Step 2*:	0.07		0.07		0.06		0.11⁺
KCPT omission error		0.04		0.07		− 0.15^*		− 0.14
KCPT commission error		− 0.04		0.03		0.09		− 0.00
DeFT		− 0.04		− 0.00		− 0.02		− 0.17⁺
MIDA		− 0.04		0.03		0.02		0.13
Picture location		− 0.08		− 0.23⁺		− 0.04		− 0.29^*
Time discrimination		− 0.21^*		− 0.18		− 0.07		0.03
Time reproduction		− 0.08		0.03		− 0.16^*		0.00

Note. ⁺ p < .10; ^* p < .05; ^*** p < .001. Standardized regression coefficients (β) of the variables at the final step of each analysis are given.

^a Age, general ability, treatment condition, and monthly household income were included as covariates.

IAC = Inhibitory and attentional control deficit; DAv = Delay aversion; TP/WM = Time perception/working memory deficit; KCPT = Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test; DeFT = Delay frustration task; MIDA = Maudsley Index of Childhood Delay Aversion.