Table 1.
Baseline demographic, lifestyle, and laboratory characteristics in participants with and without diabetes
| Non-diabetic | Diabetes | Standardized difference, % (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n | 15,091 | 373 | ||
| Sex | 49 (39, 59) | < 0.001 | ||
| Women | 6947 (46.03%) | 87 (23.32%) | ||
| Men | 8144 (53.97%) | 286 (76.68%) | ||
| Age, years | 42.00 (37.00–50.00) | 46.00 (41.00–53.00) | 40 (30, 51) | < 0.001 |
| Height, m | 1.65 (0.08) | 1.67 (0.09) | 19 (9, 29) | < 0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 60.41 (11.48) | 69.84 (13.32) | 76 (65, 86) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.04 (3.07) | 25.03 (3.82) | 86 (76, 97) | < 0.001 |
| WC, cm | 76.26 (8.97) | 85.08 (10.20) | 92 (82, 102) | < 0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 17.00 (13.00–23.00) | 24.00 (18.00–39.00) | 67 (56, 77) | < 0.001 |
| AST, U/L | 17.00 (14.00–21.00) | 20.00 (16.00–26.00) | 44 (34, 55) | < 0.001 |
| GGT, U/L | 15.00 (11.00–22.00) | 24.00 (17.00–36.00) | 47 (37, 58) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.42 (1.17–1.71) | 1.13 (0.96–1.32) | 77 (66, 87) | < 0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.12 (0.86) | 5.43 (0.90) | 35 (25, 46) | < 0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 0.72 (0.49–1.11) | 1.21 (0.86–1.93) | 73 (62, 83) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.03 (2.55–3.55) | 3.46 (2.93–3.95) | 52 (42, 63) | < 0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C, mmol/L | 3.59 (3.00–4.23) | 4.20 (3.57–4.82) | 65 (54, 75) | < 0.001 |
| RC, mmol/L | 0.53 (0.43–0.67) | 0.71 (0.58–0.91) | 80 (70, 91) | < 0.001 |
| TC/HDL-C ratio | 3.50 (2.86–4.39) | 4.71 (3.86–5.78) | 87 (77, 97) | < 0.001 |
| TG/HDL-C ratio | 0.50 (0.30–0.89) | 1.09 (0.64–1.93) | 74 (63, 84) | < 0.001 |
| LDL/HDL-C ratio | 2.12 (1.59–2.83) | 3.01 (2.38–3.85) | 83 (73, 93) | < 0.001 |
| Non-HDL/HDL-C ratio | 2.50 (1.86–3.39) | 3.71 (2.86–4.78) | 87 (77, 97) | < 0.001 |
| RC/HDL-C ratio | 0.53 (0.43–0.67) | 0.71 (0.58–0.91) | 78 (67, 88) | < 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.15 (0.41) | 5.61 (0.36) | 121 (111, 132) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.16 (0.32) | 5.53 (0.37) | 107 (97, 118) | < 0.001 |
| METS-IR | 30.98 (6.36) | 38.58 (7.74) | 107 (97, 118) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 114.31 (14.91) | 122.03 (15.59) | 51 (40, 61) | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 71.44 (10.47) | 77.18 (10.23) | 55 (45, 66) | < 0.001 |
| Fatty liver | 2518 (16.69%) | 223 (59.79%) | 99 (89, 109) | < 0.001 |
| Exercise habits | 2658 (17.61%) | 51 (13.67%) | 11 (1, 21) | 0.048 |
| Drinking status | 21 (11, 31) | < 0.001 | ||
| Non/small | 11,539 (76.46%) | 266 (71.31%) | ||
| Light | 1718 (11.38%) | 40 (10.72%) | ||
| Moderate | 1323 (8.77%) | 37 (9.92%) | ||
| Heavy | 511 (3.39%) | 30 (8.04%) | ||
| Smoking status | 45 (35, 55) | < 0.001 | ||
| None | 8886 (58.88%) | 145 (38.87%) | ||
| Past | 2875 (19.05%) | 77 (20.64%) | ||
| Current | 3330 (22.07%) | 151 (40.48%) |
Values were expressed as mean (SD) or medians (quartile interval) or n (%)
BMI body mass index; WC waist circumference; ALT alanine aminotransferase; AST aspartate aminotransferase; GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC total cholesterol; Non-HDL-C non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG triglyceride; RC remnant cholesterol; HbA1c hemoglobin A1c; FPG fasting plasma glucose; SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; METS-IR metabolic score for insulin resistance