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. 2022 Jun 11;19:50. doi: 10.1186/s12987-022-00346-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — The “green light-red light” model explaining ECM regulation of endothelial cell behavior at the BBB. According to this model, fibronectin-α5β1 integrin and laminin-α6β1 integrin interactions play opposing roles in directing endothelial behavior within CNS blood vessels. Fibronectin-α5 integrin mediated signaling (green arrow) drives vascular remodeling behaviors including endothelial proliferation and migration, while in contrast, laminin-α6β1 integrin mediated signaling (red arrow) promotes endothelial differentiation, resulting in BBB maturation and stabilization