Table 2.

Symptoms and clinical entities of FA in the pediatric age

Symptoms/signs	IgE-mediated FA	Mixed form (IgE/non-IgE-mediated FA)	Non-IgE-mediated FA
Gastrointestinal	- Nausea/vomiting - Diarrhea - Abdominal pain - Itching of the oral cavity - Tongue edema	- Nausea/vomiting - Sialorrhea - Diarrhea - Colic - Constipation - Abdominal pain - Dysphagia - Dyspepsia - Retrosternal pyrosis - Loss of appetite - Hematochezia/ melaena - Malabsorption - Poor growth/weight loss - Food impaction	- Nausea/vomiting - Sialorrhea - Diarrhea - Colic - Constipation - Abdominal pain - Dysphagia - Dyspepsia - Retrosternal pyrosis - Loss of appetite - Hematochezia/ melaena - Malabsorption - Poor growth/weight loss
Respiratory	- Itchy nose/nasal congestion - Rhinorrhea - Sneezing - Wheezing/coughing/ dyspnea - Laryngeal stridor - Thoracic constriction - Conjunctival tearing, itching and hyperemia		- Interstitial lung disease
Cutaneous	- Wheals - Edema of the subcutaneous tissues - Rapid onset erythema or rash - Pruritus	- Eczematous lesions
Others	- Hypotension - Pallor - Lethargy - Shock		- Hypotension - Pallor - Lethargy - Shock
Clinical entities	IgE-mediated FA	Mixed form (IgE/non-IgE-mediated FA)	Non-IgE-mediated FA
	- Anaphylaxis - Food-dependent exercise- induced anaphylaxis - Oral allergy syndrome - Acute repetitive vomiting and/or abdominal pain and/or diarrhea - Asthma and oculorhinitis - Urticaria and angioedema	- Atopic dermatitis - Eosinophilic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract	- Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) - Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis (FPIAP) - Food Protein- induced Enteropathy (FPE) - Food induced motility disorders (FPIMD) (constipation, colic, gastroesophageal reflux disease) - Heiner Syndrome

Abbreviation: FA Food allergy