Table 5.

Characteristics associated with unsuppressed viral load at 48 weeks, among participants unsuppressed enrolment

Variable	Categories	VL > 1000 at 48 weeks		Univariable (N = 136)		Multivariable (N = 109)		Multivariable, Zimbabwe (N = 92)
		N	%	Crude OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p
Total		87/136	64.0
Regimen change	Yes	4/12	33.3	1	0.021	1	0.020	1
	No	83/124	66.9	4.05 (1.12–14.67)		7.68 (1.38–42.63)		5.55 (1.41–21.83)	0.014
Country	Zimbabwe	59/93	63.4	1	0.85	1	0.53
	Malawi	28/43	65.1	1.08 (0.50–2.30)		1.46 (0.45–4.71)
Trial arm	Control	47/72	65.3	1	0.74
	Intervention	40/64	62.5	0.89 (0.44–1.79)
Sex	Male	46/77	59.7	1	0.24
	Female	41/59	69.5	1.54 (0.74–3.17)
Age at enrolment, years	6–10	9/16	56.3	1	0.031	1	0.008	1	0.07
	11–15	34/62	54.8	0.94 (0.31–2.88)		0.82 (0.22–3.12)		0.74 (0.15–3.61)
	16–19	44/58	75.9	2.44 (0.75–7.98)		6.31 (1.25–31.93)		2.30 (0.46–11.54)
ART regimen at enrolment	NNRTI	65/100	65.0	1	0.68
	PI	22/36	61.1	0.85 (0.38–1.86)
Duration on ART, years (N = 131)	< 2	3/7	42.9	1	0.073	1	0.24
	2–5	29/51	56.9	1.76 (0.35–8.85)		4.23 (0.47–37.65)
	6–9	40/52	76.9	4.44 (0.81–24.25)		8.57 (0.94–78.28)
	> 10	14/21	66.7	2.67 (0.43–16.52)		5.75 (0.55–59.75)
History of TB	Yes	27/44	61.4	0.85 (0.40–1.79)	0.66
	No	60/92	65.2	1
Currently in school	Yes	68/109	62.4	1	0.44
	No	19/27	70.4	1.43 (0.57–3.59)
Education of mother (N = 114)	No schooling	10/12	83.3	1	0.054	1	0.093
	Primary	17/23	73.9	0.57 (0.09–3.49)		0.67 (0.06–7.73)
	Secondary	45/75	60.0	0.30 (0.06–1.51)		0.13 (0.01–1.30)
	Tertiary	2/4	50.0	0.29 (0.01–3.02)		0.12 (0.00–3.31)
Study drug adherence (N = 131)	Adherent	61/101	60.4	1	0.20
	Non-adherent	22/30	73.3	1.80 (0.72–4.49)
Any unscheduled clinic visit for illness	Yes	64/102	62.8	1.24 (0.54, 2.84)	0.61
	No	23/34	67.7	1