Table 2.
Knowledge and awareness about malaria in household heads
| Variables | N | Overall, N = 3101 | Presence of bed nets within the household | p-value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes, N = 1971 | No, N = 1131 | ||||
| Knowledge and awareness about malaria: | |||||
| Heard of malaria (Yes) | 310 | 310 (100.0%) | 197 (100.0%) | 113 (100.0%) | |
| Source of information about malaria: | 310 | ||||
| Home/neighbours | 159 (51.3%) | 99 (50.3%) | 60 (53.1%) | 0.6 | |
| Radio/TV/newspapers | 52 (16.8%) | 35 (17.8%) | 17 (15.0%) | 0.5 | |
| Hospital/pharmacy | 32 (10.3%) | 21 (10.7%) | 11 (9.7%) | 0.8 | |
| Health workers | 54 (17.4%) | 35 (17.8%) | 19 (16.8%) | 0.8 | |
| I suffered from malaria | 147 (47.4%) | 94 (47.7%) | 53 (46.9%) | 0.9 | |
| Mode of transmission for malaria? | 310 | 0.3 | |||
| I do not know | 27 (8.7%) | 13 (11.5%) | 14 (7.1%) | ||
| Mosquito | 269 (86.8%) | 93 (82.3%) | 176 (89.3%) | ||
| Mosquito anopheles | 7 (2.3%) | 3 (2.7%) | 4 (2.0%) | ||
| Others | 7 (2.3%) | 4 (3.5%) | 3 (1.5%) | ||
| Causes of malaria: | 310 | 0.3 | |||
| Bacteria | 15 (4.8%) | 10 (5.1%) | 5 (4.4%) | ||
| Dirt/stagnant water | 32 (10.3%) | 25 (12.7%) | 7 (6.2%) | ||
| Germs | 42 (13.5%) | 30 (15.2%) | 12 (10.6%) | ||
| I do not know | 25 (8.1%) | 14 (7.1%) | 11 (9.7%) | ||
| Others | 93 (30.0%) | 54 (27.4%) | 39 (34.5%) | ||
| Plasmodium organisms | 62 (20.0%) | 36 (18.3%) | 26 (23.0%) | ||
| Virus | 41 (13.2%) | 28 (14.2%) | 13 (11.5%) | ||
| Symptoms of malaria: | 310 | ||||
| Headache | 286 (92.6%) | 182 (92.9%) | 104 (92.0%) | 0.8 | |
| Fever with shivering | 235 (75.8%) | 147 (74.6%) | 88 (77.9%) | 0.5 | |
| Fever with intervals | 73 (23.5%) | 50 (25.4%) | 23 (20.4%) | 0.3 | |
| Remission of fever with sweat | 26 (8.4%) | 17 (8.6%) | 9 (8.0%) | 0.8 | |
| Vomiting | 163 (52.6%) | 105 (53.3%) | 58 (51.3%) | 0.7 | |
| Weakness | 206 (66.5%) | 130 (66.0%) | 76 (67.3%) | 0.8 | |
| Loss of appetite | 117 (37.7%) | 72 (36.5%) | 45 (39.8%) | 0.6 | |
| Do not know | 7 (2.3%) | 3 (1.5%) | 4 (3.5%) | 0.3 | |
| Backache | 109 (35.2%) | 60 (30.5%) | 49 (43.4%) | 0.022 | |
| Others | 175 (56.5%) | 120 (60.9%) | 55 (48.7%) | 0.036 | |
| Knowledge about preventive measures of malaria: | 309 | ||||
| Untreated bed nets | 176 (57.0%) | 117 (59.7%) | 59 (52.2%) | 0.2 | |
| Insecticide treated bed nets | 186 (60.2%) | 125 (63.8%) | 61 (54.0%) | 0.09 | |
| Window nets | 42 (13.6%) | 26 (13.3%) | 16 (14.2%) | 0.8 | |
| Using insecticides based repellents sprays | 131 (42.4%) | 90 (45.9%) | 41 (36.3%) | 0.1 | |
| Cleaning of positive mosquitoes breeding and resting places | 91 (29.4%) | 68 (34.7%) | 23 (20.4%) | 0.008 | |
| Using mosquito coil/repellents | 108 (35.0%) | 72 (36.7%) | 36 (31.9%) | 0.4 | |
| Treatment (prophylaxis) | 25 (8.1%) | 14 (7.1%) | 11 (9.7%) | 0.4 | |
| Do not know | 36 (11.7%) | 16 (8.2%) | 20 (17.7%) | 0.012 | |
| Knowledge about ways to prevent mosquito breeding: | 310 | ||||
| Cleaning of house surrounding | 185 (59.7%) | 120 (60.9%) | 65 (57.5%) | 0.6 | |
| Draining of stagnant water | 196 (63.2%) | 136 (69.0%) | 60 (53.1%) | 0.005 | |
| Putting oil on stagnant water | 59 (19.0%) | 40 (20.3%) | 19 (16.8%) | 0.5 | |
| Do not know | 36 (11.6%) | 14 (7.1%) | 22 (19.5%) | 0.001 | |
| Others | 45 (14.5%) | 30 (15.2%) | 15 (13.3%) | 0.6 | |
1Data were presented as n (%)
2Fisher's exact test; Pearson's Chi-squared test
Bold numbers in the p-value column mean they are statistically significant