Table 1.

Summary of the tissue- and disease-specific roles of TLOs in regulating peripheral immune responses

Condition	Location	Species	Role	References
Autoimmune disease
Autoimmune thyroiditis	Thyroid	Human, mouse	Pathologic	[34, 102, 111]
Diabetes mellitus, type I	Pancreas	Human, mouse	Pathologic	[21, 22, 101]
Multiple sclerosis	Meninges	Human, mouse	Pathologic	[15, 16, 18]
Myasthenia gravis	Thymus	Human	Pathologic	[33, 119]
Myositis	Muscle	Human	Pathologic	[109, 110]
Rheumatoid arthritis	Synovium, lung	Human, mouse	Pathologic	[24, 90, 91, 98, 103, 104, 112–114, 116, 120–124, 128, 131–134, 136–139]
Sjogren syndrome	Salivary gland	Human	Pathologic	[25, 29, 99, 105, 106, 115, 118, 125–127, 129, 130, 135, 140, 141]
Systemic lupus erythematosus	Kidney	Human, mouse	Pathologic	[100, 107, 108]
Chronic inflammatory disease
Asthma	Lung	Human, mouse	Pathologic	[78, 79]
Atherosclerosis	Artery	Human, mouse	Both	[23, 38, 39, 94–97]
Bronchiectasis	Lung	Human, mouse	Unknown	[59]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Lung	Human, mouse	Pathologic	[37, 80–83]
Chronic rhinosinusitis	Nasal mucosa	Human	Pathologic	[84–87]
Cystic fibrosis	Lung	Human, mouse	Unknown	[59, 60]
Inflammatory bowel disease	Intestinal mucosa	Human	Pathologic	[88–93]
Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Lung	Human, rat	Pathologic	[76, 77]
Infection
Borrelia burgdorferi	Synovium, central nervous system	Human, Rhesus macaque	Pathologic	[73–75]
Francisella tularensis	Lung	Mouse	Protective	[32]
Helicobacter hepaticus	Liver	Mouse	Pathologic	[68]
Helicobacter pylori	Gastric/duodenal mucosa	Human	Pathologic	[64–66]
Hepatitis C virus	Liver	Human	Pathologic	[69–71]
Influenza virus	Lung	Mouse	Protective	[30, 50–53, 56]
Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona	Kidney	Pig	Pathologic	[72]
Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara	Lung	Mouse	Protective	[61]
Mouse-adapted SARS coronavirus	Lung	Mouse	Protective	[56]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Lung	Human, mouse	Protective	[41–48, 54, 55]
Pneumocystis jirovecii	Lung	Mouse	Protective	[49]
Pneumovirus of the mouse	Lung	Mouse	Protective	[56]
Propionibacterium acnes	Liver	Mouse	Pathologic	[67]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Lung	Mouse, rat	Unknown	[62, 63]
Respiratory syncytial virus	Lung	Mouse	Protective	[57, 58]
Malignancy
Bladder cancer	Intratumoral	Human	Protective	[176, 177]
Breast cancer	Intratumoral, peritumoral	Human	Both	[27, 35, 144, 146, 147, 151, 159, 165, 173, 174]
Colorectal cancer	Intratumoral, peritumoral	Human	Both	[142, 158, 167, 168]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Intratumoral, peritumoral	Human, mouse	Both	[148, 152, 153, 170]
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	Intratumoral, peritumoral	Human	Both	[163]
Lung cancer	Intratumoral	Human, mouse	Both	[145, 154, 157, 178]
Melanoma	Intratumoral, peritumoral	Human, mouse	Both	[143, 155, 156, 160, 166, 175]
Ovarian cancer	Intratumoral	Human	Protective	[150, 161, 162]
Pancreatic cancer	Intratumoral, peritumoral	Human	Both	[164, 169]
Transplantation
Heart transplantation	Heart	Human, mouse	Both	[36, 181–183, 185, 186, 199]
Kidney transplantation	Kidney	Human, mouse	Both	[36, 199, 202–205]
Lung transplantation	Lung	Human, mouse, rat	Both	[36, 194–198, 200, 201]