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. 2022 May 25;4(3):fcac136. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac136

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Relationships between motor recovery and PAC change. Spearman rank correlations were run between changes in motor scores and theta–, beta–gamma PAC values across BCI therapy runs relative to Pre-BCI baseline (N = 51). Significance thresholds were set at P ≤ 0.05. (A) Significant correlations between motor recovery and theta–gamma PAC changes at the C3 and C4 electrodes (UEFM: r = 0.51, 0.49 and P = 0.0001, 0.0002; AMAT: r = 0.52, 0.39 and P = 0.0001, 0.004; MI: r = 0.33 and P = 0.02). Other measures showed no significant correlations (MI: r = 0.02 and P = 0.88; Grip: r = 0.06, 0.13 and P = 0.68, 0.35; Elbow MAS: r = 0.03, 0.15 and P = 0.84, 0.28; Wrist MAS: r = −0.22, 0.23, and P = 0.12, 0.10). (B) No significant correlations have been detected between motor recovery and beta–gamma PAC changes at the F3 and F4 electrodes (UEFM: r = −0.07, −0.10, and P = 0.62, 0.48; AMAT: r = −0.15, −0.19, and P = 0.29, 0.16; MI: r = −0.22, 0.12 and P = 0.12, 0.42; Grip: r = −0.16, 0.21 and P = 0.26, 0.14; Elbow MAS: r = −0.17, −0.13, and P = 0.23, 0.38; Wrist MAS: r = 0.07, −0.04, and P = 0.62, 0.80). Y-axis, PAC change; X-axis, motor score change. MI, modulation index; UEFM, upper extremity Fugl-Meyer; AMAT: Arm Motor Ability Test; MAS: modified Ashworth Scale.