Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants According to the Presence of Sarcopenia
| Characteristic | Non Sarcopenia (n=662) | Sarcopenia (n=92) | t, Z or χ2 value | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 65.75±5.41 | 69.16±6.18 | 5.6a | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 7.4b | 0.005 | ||
| Male | 275(41.5) | 52(56.5) | ||
| Female | 387(58.5) | 40(43.5) | ||
| ASM/Height2 (kg/m2) | 7.32±2.34 | 7.21±0.97 | 0.3a | 0.729 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 26.62±9.15 | 25.90±8.41 | 0.7a | 0.474 |
| 4-meter walking test (m/s) | 1.02±0.19 | 0.97±0.23 | 2.6a | 0.011 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.04±3.11 | 24.0±3.38 | 5.9a | <0.001 |
| IPAQ (Met/wk) | 2099.5(939.8,4991.3) | 2079.0(1386.0,4452.0) | 1.1c | 0.261 |
| Sitting time (h) | 4.0(2.0–6.0) | 3.0(2.0–5.0) | 1.6c | 0.119 |
| Depression, n (%) | 1.6b | 0.139 | ||
| No | 597(90.2) | 79(85.9) | ||
| Yes | 65(9.8) | 13(14.1) | ||
| Sleep duration (h/d), n (%) | 14.5b | 0.001 | ||
| ≤6 | 33(5.0) | 8(8.7) | ||
| 6–8 | 302(45.6) | 23(25.0) | ||
| >8 | 327(49.4) | 61(66.3) | ||
| Use of sleep drug, n (%) | 0b | 0.380 | ||
| No | 600(90.6) | 82(89.1) | ||
| Yes | 62(9.4) | 10(10.9) | ||
| Sleep quality, n (%) | 3.3b | 0.349 | ||
| Very well | 304(45.9) | 35(38.0) | ||
| Good | 205(31.0) | 29(31.5) | ||
| Not enough | 68(10.3) | 14(15.2) | ||
| Very poor | 85(12.8) | 14(15.2) | ||
| Living alone, n (%) | 0.8b | 0.230 | ||
| No | 586(88.5) | 78(84.8) | ||
| Yes | 76(11.5) | 14(15.2) | ||
| Illiteracy, n (%) | 0.2b | 0.378 | ||
| No | 421(63.6) | 60(65.2) | ||
| Yes | 241(36.4) | 32(34.8) | ||
| Farming, n (%) | 0.3b | 0.369 | ||
| No | 109(16.5) | 13(14.1) | ||
| Yes | 553(83.5) | 79(85.9) | ||
| Drinking, n (%) | 0.8b | 0.226 | ||
| No | 482(72.8) | 63(68.5) | ||
| Yes | 180(27.2) | 29(31.5) | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | 2.3b | 0.083 | ||
| No | 459(69.3) | 57(62.0) | ||
| Yes | 203(30.7) | 35(38.0) | ||
| Diseases | ||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | <0.1b | 0.450 | ||
| No | 582(87.9) | 80(87.0) | ||
| Yes | 80(12.1) | 12(13.0) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0.2b | 0.366 | ||
| No | 343(51.8) | 50(54.3) | ||
| Yes | 319(48.2) | 42(45.7) | ||
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 2.1b | 0.097 | ||
| No | 486(73.4) | 61(66.3) | ||
| Yes | 176(26.6) | 31(33.7) | ||
| Heart disease, n (%) | 0.1b | 0.401 | ||
| No | 515(77.8) | 70(76.1) | ||
| Yes | 147(22.2) | 22(23.9) | ||
| Stroke, n (%) | <0.1b | 0.545 | ||
| No | 620(93.7) | 86(93.5) | ||
| Yes | 42(6.3) | 6(6.5) |
Note: at value, bχ2 value, cZ value.
Abbreviations: ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; BMI, body mass index; IPAQ, international physical activity questionnaire; Met/wk, metabolic equivalent task minutes per week.