Fig. 3.
Years of CVD-free gained and years of life gained associated with walking and cycling compared with non-active commuters under different air pollution conditions. Higher and lower PM2.5 was categorized by the median of PM2.5 concentration among all study participants. Models were adjusted for cohort, age, gender, urban or rural resident, geographic region, per-capita household income, educational level, dietary habit, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, daily hours of moderate-vigorous physical activity and sitting, BMI, family history of CVD, status of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. PM2.5, fine particulate matter; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index.