Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to categories of commuting mode.
| Characteristics | Total | Non-active | Active Walking | Cycling |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 76,176 | 42,460 | 17,771 | 15,945 |
| Age at baseline (year) | 51.2 ± 11.8 | 51.2 ± 12.4 | 52.3 ± 11.3 | 50.2 ± 10.6 |
| Male, No. (%) | 31,011(40.7) | 17,484(41.2) | 6711(37.8) | 6816(42.7) |
| Urbanization, No. (%) | 2318(3.0) | 962(2.3) | 689(3.9) | 667(4.2) |
| Education higher than high school, No. (%) | 9391(12.3) | 5329(12.6) | 2205(12.4) | 1857(11.6) |
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 16,905(22.3) | 9843(23.2) | 3502(19.7) | 3560(22.3) |
| Alcohol drinker, No. (%) | 17,128(22.5) | 10,592(24.9) | 3009(16.9) | 3527(22.1) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 3.6 | 23.8 ± 3.6 | 24.0 ± 3.6 | 23.7 ± 3.5 |
| Household income, Thousand Yuan/year | 22.5 ± 26.0 | 23.1 ± 27.0 | 17.4 ± 24.8 | 26.4 ± 23.7 |
| Daily time of MVPA, h/day | 8.4 ± 6.6 | 8.4 ± 6.6 | 8.5 ± 6.4 | 8.2 ± 6.7 |
| Daily time of sitting, h/day | 7.2 ± 2.9 | 7.0 ± 2.9 | 7.7 ± 3.0 | 7.0 ± 2.7 |
| PM2.5 concentration, yg/m3 | 67.1 ± 14.7 | 63.1 ± 13.2 | 72.4 ± 14.2 | 71.9 ± 15.8 |
| Family history of CVD, No. (%) | 8296(10.9) | 4204(9.9) | 2552(14.4) | 1540(9.7) |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 25,226(33.1) | 12,370(29.1) | 6626(37.3) | 6230(39.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus, No. (%) | 3995(5.6) | 2106(5.0) | 1172(6.6) | 717(4.5) |
| Dyslipidemia, No. (%) | 21,701(30.2) | 12,028(28.3) | 5837(32.8) | 3836(24.1) |
Values were presented as mean with standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables and frequency with percentage for categorical variables. BMI, body mass index. MVPA, moderate-vigorous physical activity. PM2.5, fine particulate matter. CVD, cardiovascular disease.