Table 4.

Multiple linear regression analysis with several independent baseline variables of biopsychosocial health predicting MCS three years later, separated by gender

Baseline variables	Women				Men
	Ba	SEb	βc	p-value	Ba	SEb	βc	p-value
Age (years)
55–64	0.29	.56	.01	.603	.27	.56	.01	.634
65–74 (ref.d)
75–84	− 1.16	.66	− .04	.080	− .84	.60	− .04	.162
Education (years)
0–8	− 4.24	2.43	− .04	.081	1.15	1.99	.02	.562
9–10 (ref.)
≥ 11	− .28	1.14	− .01	.808	− .031	.67	< -.01	.964
11–12	.76	1.01	.02	.451	1.06	.75	.04	.159
Marital status
Single	2.83	1.31	.05	.031	1.07	1.28	.02	.404
Married (ref.)
Divorced/widowed	.89	.53	.04	.093	1.02	.77	.03	.183
Physical health
No chronic disease	− .01	.61	< -.01	.989	.61	.56	.03	.275
1 chronic disease	.46	.62	.02	.455	.11	.59	.01	.855
≥ 2 chronic diseases (ref.)
Mental health
Somatization symptoms t0	− .91	1.02	− .02	.371	− 2.83	1.57	− .05	.071
Depression symptomst0	− 2.03	1.00	− .06	.043	− .68	1.28	− .02	.593
GAD symptomst0	− .93	1.27	− .02	.464	− 3.30	1.90	− .05	.083
Social health
Lonelinesscontinuously	− .29	.14	− .05	.043	− .45	.17	− .07	.008
Social networklarge	− .79	.77	− .02	.306	− .55	.67	− .02	.408
HRQOL
MCSt0	.55	.03	.54	< .001	.51	.03	.48	< .001
PCSt0	.17	.03	.16	< .001	.18	.03	.18	< .001

Significant associations are printed in bold, variables with gender differences are framed)

^aNon-standardized regression coefficient

^bStandard error

^cStandardized regression coefficient

^dReferent