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. 2021 Nov 2;71(7):1583–1596. doi: 10.1007/s00262-021-03081-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — CD14+HLA-DR- cells are the major immunosuppressive cells in CRC. a Allogeneic T cell proliferation under anti-CD3/CD28 antibody stimulation is suppressed with the addition of CD14+HLA-DR- cells from the blood (n=16) and the tissue (n=13) of CRC patients, as measured by 3HTymidine uptake. The CD14+HLA-DR+ population is not suppressive. The 1:1 ratio of T cells:CD14+HLA-DR- cells is shown. Each colour represents a CRC patient. b Significantly higher level of IL-10 was detected by ELISA in the supernatant of CD14+ (blood samples n=8, tumour tissue n=8)and CD14+HLA-DR- cells (blood samples n=5, tumour tissue n=3) compared healthy control. c IL-10 receptor blocking antibody (10μg/ml) inhibits the suppressive activity of CD14+HLA-DR- cells of CRC patients restoring T cell proliferation (n=10). d Colorectal tumour conditioned media (TCMs, n=15)drive the release of IL10 from healthy monocytes after 48h incubation. e A representative histogram of HLA-DR expression on monocytes after 48h incubation with TCM. f Down regulation of HLA-DR on monocytes cultured with 20 TCMs