Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 12.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Res. 2020 Jan 17;152:35–43. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.01.008

Table 1.

Overview of optical sensors for detecting intracellular purine metabolites

Sensor Ligand Binding protein / module Optical reporter ΔF/F0 or FRET/BRET ratio Kd or EC50 Kinetics In vivo application Ref.
Luciferase ATP No Bioluminescence N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. (DeLuca and McElroy, 1974)
Syn-ATP Presynaptic ATP No Bioluminescence ~0.25 2.3 mM N.D. N.D. (Rangaraju et al., 2014)
ParM-based sensor ADP Bacterial actin-like ParM Chemical dyes >3.5/~15 0.45/~30 μM 0.65/9.5×104 M−1s−1 (τon),2.9 s−1 (τoff) N.D. (Kunzelmann and Webb, 2009)
FRET-Based chemosensor Nucleoside polyphosphates Binuclear zinc complex Chemical dyes ~33 0.1–1 μM N.D. N.D. (Kurishita et al., 2010)
Perceval and PercevalHR Cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio Bacterial GlnKI cpmVenus Kr*: 0.5/3.5 N.D. N.D. N.D. (Berg et al., 2009; Tantama et al., 2013)
ATeam Cytosolic ATP Bacterial F0F1- ATP synthase CFP/YFP ~1.5 7.4 μM-3.3 mM ~17μM/S (τon), 98ms (τoff) N.D. (Imamura et al., 2009)
ARSeNL ATP Bacterial F0F1- ATP synthase mScarlet/NanoLuc ~5 ~1.1 mM N.D. Mice (Min et al., 2019)
QUEEN Cytosolic ATP Bacterial F0F1- ATP synthase cpEGFP <4 (excitation ratio) 7 μM N.D. N.D. (Yaginuma et al., 2014)
iATPSnFR ATP Bacterial F0F1- ATP synthase cpSFGFP ~3.0 (?) 138 μM, 350 μM < 5s (τon), >1s (τoff) N.D. (Lobas et al., 2019)

KR* represents a half-maximal signal change, which was used to quantify the ability of Perceval sensors to report ATP/ADP ratio. N.D., not determined.