Table 3.
Effects on household financial resilience, food security, and stress.
| Received Transfer |
Resilience |
Food security |
Stress |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Can cover a shock |
Enough resources (>week) |
Enough food (>week) |
Went hungry |
Eats less healthy |
Stressed (pandemic) |
Stressed (health) |
||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
|
Panel A: Bandwith -12 to 12 | ||||||||
| Above cutoff | 0.206∗∗∗ (0.0560) |
0.0720 (0.0478) |
0.122∗∗ (0.0569) |
0.101∗ (0.0559) |
−0.123∗∗∗ (0.0451) |
−0.0675 (0.0609) |
−0.0729∗∗ (0.0371) |
−0.0400 (0.0340) |
| P-val (F-test of coefs = 0 within category) | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.12 | |||||
| Mean (Below cutoff) | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.45 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.47 | 0.90 | 0.94 |
| N |
1183 |
1183 |
1183 |
1183 |
1183 |
1110 |
1167 |
1171 |
| Panel B: Bandwith -24 to 24 | ||||||||
| Above cutoff | 0.213∗∗∗ (0.0393) |
0.0595∗ (0.0353) |
0.127∗∗∗ (0.0406) |
0.0781∗∗ (0.0397) |
−0.0920∗∗∗ (0.0321) |
−0.0831∗ (0.0438) |
−0.0431 (0.0270) |
−0.0279 (0.0239) |
| P-val (F-test of coefs = 0 within category) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.23 | |||||
| Mean (Below cutoff) | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.48 | 0.3 | 0.22 | 0.46 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
| N |
2085 |
2084 |
2085 |
2085 |
2085 |
1974 |
2060 |
2064 |
| Panel C: Bandwith -36 to 36 | ||||||||
| Above cutoff | 0.245∗∗∗ (0.0328) |
0.0354 (0.0300) |
0.106∗∗∗ (0.0340) |
0.0577∗ (0.0333) |
−0.0855∗∗∗ (0.0266) |
−0.0614∗ (0.0366) |
−0.0171 (0.0229) |
−0.0200 (0.0194) |
| P-val (F-test of coefs = 0 within category) | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.54 | |||||
| Mean (Below cutoff) | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.45 | 0.89 | 0.93 |
| N |
3056 |
3054 |
3056 |
3056 |
3056 |
2896 |
3019 |
3025 |
| Panel D: Optimal Bandwidth | ||||||||
| Above cutoff | 0.205∗∗∗ (0.0511) |
0.0679∗ (0.0409) |
0.120∗∗ (0.0561) |
0.0845∗ (0.0434) |
−0.113∗∗∗ (0.0411) |
−0.0836 (0.0510) |
−0.0744∗∗ (0.0345) |
−0.0279 (0.0240) |
| Mean (Below cutoff) | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.3 | 0.22 | 0.47 | 0.89 | 0.94 |
| Number of observations (total) | 1399 | 1605 | 1263 | 1751 | 1399 | 1513 | 1381 | 2064 |
| Bandwidth (−/+) | 14.2 | 17.1 | 12.2 | 20.0 | 14.5 | 17.5 | 14.0 | 24.0 |
| Number of obs (left of the cutoff) | 870 | 957 | 796 | 1024 | 870 | 895 | 856 | 1172 |
| Number of obs (right of the cutoff) | 638 | 768 | 565 | 857 | 638 | 727 | 630 | 1041 |
∗∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.1.
Note: The table reports RD estimates corresponding to equation (1). Results for each outcome are reported in each column. All regressions include linear trends of the running variable on each side of the cutoff, as well as demographic controls, state fixed effects, and date-of-data-collection fixed effects. Demographic controls include the respondents' age, gender, civil status (single vs. married or cohabiting), and educational attainment (primary, secondary, college, graduate studies). We also control for household size and the number of school-age children in the household. Robust standard errors are reported in parentheses. Triangular kernels are used in all regressions. Panel A, B and C report results using bandwidths of 12, 24 and 36 months before and after the eligibility threshold (60 years old in March 2020). Panel D reports RD estimates using the bandwidth selection procedure of Calonico et al. (2019).