Table 6.
Heterogeneity by pre-pandemic income.
| Received transfer |
Can cover a shock |
Enough resources (>week) |
Enough food (>week) |
Went hungry |
Eats less healthy |
Stressed (pandemic) |
Stressed (health) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
|
Panel A: Low income | ||||||||
| Above cutoff | 0.240∗∗∗ (0.0619) |
0.0274 (0.0433) |
0.208∗∗∗ (0.0602) |
0.0832 (0.0571) |
−0.128∗∗ (0.0611) |
−0.107 (0.0711) |
−0.0234 (0.0402) |
−0.0426 (0.0395) |
| P-val (F-test of coefs = 0 within category) | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.53 | |||||
| Mean (Below cutoff) | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.54 | 0.92 | 0.94 |
| N |
828 |
827 |
828 |
828 |
828 |
761 |
812 |
813 |
|
Panel B: Middle income | ||||||||
| Above cutoff | 0.209∗∗∗ (0.0590) |
0.0602 (0.0560) |
0.0650 (0.0600) |
0.0492 (0.0589) |
−0.0356 (0.0385) |
−0.0926 (0.0650) |
−0.0264 (0.0423) |
−0.0225 (0.0337) |
|
| ||||||||
| P-val (F-test of coefs = 0 within category) | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.73 | |||||
| P-value (diff with low income) | 0.71 | 0.63 | 0.08 | 0.67 | 0.19 | 0.88 | 0.96 | 0.69 |
| Mean (Below cutoff) | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.57 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.41 | 0.87 | 0.95 |
| N |
964 |
964 |
964 |
964 |
964 |
926 |
958 |
961 |
|
Panel C: High income | ||||||||
| Above cutoff | 0.119 (0.112) |
0.125 (0.119) |
−0.0509 (0.0936) |
0.147 (0.117) |
−0.0355 (0.0504) |
0.118 (0.124) |
0.0330 (0.0871) |
0.0578 (0.0762) |
| P-val (F-test of coefs = 0 within category) | 0.23 | 0.35 | 0.70 | |||||
| P-value (diff with low income) | 0.29 | 0.38 | 0.01 | 0.58 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.51 | 0.19 |
| Mean (Below cutoff) | 0.14 | 0.84 | 0.51 | 0.05 | 0.41 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.16 |
| N | 283 | 283 | 283 | 283 | 283 | 278 | 281 | 281 |
∗∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.1.
Note: The table reports RD estimates corresponding to equation (1) using a bandwidth of 24 months before and after the age eligibility cutoff (March 2020) and triangular kernels. All regressions include linear trends of the running variable on each side of the cutoff, as well as demographic controls, state fixed effects, and date-of-data-collection fixed effects. Demographic controls include the respondents' age, gender, civil status (single vs. married or cohabiting), and educational attainment (primary, secondary, college, graduate studies). We also control for household size and the number of school-age children in the household. Robust standard errors are reported in parentheses. Panels A, B, and C report results for the subsample of households with total January 2020 income below the national monthly minimum wage (<$ USD 300), between one and 4 times the national monthly minimum wage ($ USD 300 to $ USD 1200), and over 4 times the national monthly minimum wage (>$ 1200), respectively.