Table1.
Characteristics of include studies
| Author /year | region | Size | Population | Follow-up | Age | Study type | object | AFR | RR/HR | Adjusted | Measure | Quality assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nagashima/2011 [22] | Japan | 40 |
24 PAF 16 Per AF |
0.85 y | 58.0 y | Retrospective | LA-EAT volumes | 15(37.5%) | 7.15 (3.03–11.3) | Age, BMI, HbA1c, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG | CT | high-quality |
| Masuda/2015 [23] | Japan | 53 |
22 PAF 31 Per AF |
1.33 y | 61.5 y | Retrospective |
LA-EAT volumes |
36(67.9%) | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | PAF rate, Left atrial volume, Radio-frequency application time | CT | high-quality |
| Stojanovska/2015 [24] | United States | 169 |
94 PAF 75 Per AF |
3.2 y | 64.0 y | Retrospective | EAT volumes | 78(46%) | 1.009 (1.001–1.01) | age, gender, BMI | CT | high-quality |
| Canpolat/2016 [13] | Turkey | 234 |
190 PAF 44 Per AF |
1.7 y | 54.0 y | Retrospective | EAT thickness | 45(19.2%) | 1.36 (1.10–1.66) | Age, Dyslipidemia, Non-paroxysmal AF rate, Duration of AF, EHRA score, LA diameter, hs-CRP | Echo | high-quality |
| Chao/2013 [14] | China | 283 |
227 PAF 56 Per AF |
1.3 y | 54.6 y | Retrospective | EAT thickness | 95(33.6%) | 2.863 (2.112–3.882) |
Non-paroxysmal AF rate, CHADS2 score, LA diameter |
Echo/CT | high-quality |
| Maeda/2018 [25] | Japan | 218 |
143 PAF 78 Per AF |
1.45 y | 64.0 y | Retrospective | EATVi | 61(28%) | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) |
Non-paroxysmal AF rate, Body height, eGFR, IVS thickness, Septal E/E’ |
CT | high-quality |
| Sanghai/2018 [15] | United States | 274 |
189 PAF 85 Per AF |
1.0 y | 61.0 y | Retrospective | iLAEAT | 109(40%) | 2.93 (1.34–6.43) | CHA2DS2Vascscore BMI, LA Volume, LV mass index, average E/e’ | CT | high-quality |
| Kawasaki/2020 [16] | Japan | 64 | 64 PAF | 1.0 y | 70.7 y | Retrospective |
peri-atrial EAT/TEA thickness |
14(21.9%) | 4.822(1.209–32.809) |
Calcium channel blockers, Delta WR |
CT | high-quality |
| Mahdiui/2021 [17] | Hungary | 460 |
354 PAF 106 Per AF |
1.5 y | 61.0 y | Retrospective |
Posterior LAEA thickness |
168(37%) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | Age, sex, AF type, BMI, antiarrhythmic drugs, LVEF < 50%, E/A-ratio, LA volume | CT | high-quality |
| Romanov/2021 [18] | Russian | 45 |
15 PAF 30 Per AF |
1.0 y | 55.2 y | Retrospective | peri-atrial EAT volumes | 9(20%) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | NA | CT | medium-quality |
PAF paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, Per AF persistent AF, Echo Echocardiographic CT computed tomography, EATV index epicardial adipose tissue volume index, LA-EAT left atrial epicardial adipose tissue, TEAT total epicardial adipose tissue, EATT epicardial adipose tissue thickness, BMI, body mass index, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, EHRA european heart rhythm association, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, WR washout rate, E/e’ mitral inflow velocity (E)/mitral annular velocities (e’), eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, IVS interventricular septal, EATVi EATV index (EATVI: EATV/body surface area, mL/m2), iLAEAT index LAEAT (iLAEAT: LAEAT/body surface area, mL/m2)