Kolmodin MacDonell 2016.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods |
Design: parallel randomised controlled trial Duration: endpoint at 13 weeks Setting: participants recruited from an urban university and an affiliated medical centre; trial carried out in Michigan, United States |
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| Participants |
Population: 49 participants were randomised to website + text messages (n = 25) or asthma education (n = 24) Age: range from 18 to 29 years. Mean age of 22, SD: 4 in website + text messages group. Mean age of 23, SD: 3 in asthma education group. Proportion of white ethnic participants: website + text messages group was 35% white; asthma education group was 16% white Asthma severity: moderate Baseline lung function (FEV1% predicted): 80% Inclusion criteria: 18 to 29‐year old African‐Americans diagnosed with persistent asthma and prescribed a controlled medication reporting < 80% adherence in past week and an ACT score < 19. Participants with access to a cell phone with text message ability. Exclusion criteria: pregnant, participants with an inability to speak or understand English, or with serious medication conditions needing regular medications and/or an active psychiatric disorder Percentage withdrawn: 8% withdrew from website + text message group Allowed medication: none recorded Disallowed medication: none recorded |
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| Interventions |
Intervention: computer‐delivered intervention sessions and text message reminders: 2 web‐based intervention sessions delivered 1 month apart by an animated character selected by the participant and involving certain key components: feedback on medication use and symptoms, how to improve adherence, advantages and disadvantages of taking medication and the degree of interest from youth in improving their adherence with optional goal setting. Participants had the choice of receiving personalised text message reminders to take ICS between the sessions. Ecological momentary assessment enabling participants to report symptoms, effect, behaviour, and cognition in 'real‐time' was completed via text messages to ascertain each participant's experience of living with asthma. This information was used to personalise the intervention sessions. Control: asthma education: computer‐delivered asthma education, involving interactive features such as quizzes and polls. Control participants also received standardised text messages with general information on asthma.
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| Outcomes | Asthma medication adherence, asthma control, lung function, patient satisfaction | |
| Notes |
Type of publication: peer‐reviewed Funding: National Institutes of Heath COI: none stated |
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| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Computer automatically randomised participants to groups |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | No concealment but comparison group received a lot of input so unlikely to affect results |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Participants not blinded but unlikely to affect the results |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No blinding but data were collected via self‐report via text message EMA for real time outcome assessment rather than retrospective self‐reporting. Unclear if the participant knew of the study objective but an attention control arm existed, so unlikely to affect the results. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No power calculations, but minimal loss to follow‐up: 2 in the intervention group at 3 months, and control group had 1 missing at 1 month and another 1 at 3 months for similar reasons |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All outcomes reported |