TABLE 2.

Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) (95% CI) for awareness of and participation in school breakfast and lunch programs in 10–17-y-old students (binary logistic regression models; n = 10,565)¹

	Breakfast awareness		Breakfast participation		Lunch awareness		Lunch participation
	aOR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value
Country
Mexico	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Australia	2.70 (2.16, 3.37)	<0.001	1.30 (0.98, 1.74)	0.071	0.74 (0.54, 1.03)	0.074	0.78 (0.52, 1.17)	0.234
Canada	2.98 (2.44, 3.64)	<0.001	1.70 (1.33, 2.17)	<0.001	1.62 (1.26, 2.08)	<0.001	1.53 (1.13, 2.07)	<0.006
Chile	10.02 (8.07, 12.45)	<0.001	9.92 (7.73, 12.74)	<0.001	18.52 (14.41, 23.80)	<0.001	19.49 (14.56, 26.08)	<0.001
UK	2.57 (2.06, 3.20)	<0.001	1.29 (0.97, 1.72)	0.081	7.52 (5.85, 9.66)	<0.001	5.66 (4.19, 7.65)	<0.001
USA	18.50 (14.79, 23.14)	<0.001	8.51 (6.63, 10.92)	<0.001	35.80 (27.62, 46.41)	<0.001	27.23 (20.36, 36.40)	<0.001
Age, y	0.92 (0.90, 0.94)	<0.001	0.88 (0.86, 0.90)	<0.001	0.94 (0.92, 0.96)	<0.001	0.94 (0.91, 0.96)	<0.001
Sex
Male	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Female	1.04 (0.95, 1.14)	0.432	0.96 (0.86, 1.07)	0.467	0.92 (0.82, 1.03)	0.144	0.84 (0.74, 0.95)	0.005
Ethnicity2
Majority	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Minority	1.16 (1.03, 1.31)	0.013	1.35 (1.18, 1.55)	<0.001	1.40 (1.22, 1.62)	<0.001	1.42 (1.23, 1.65)	<0.001
Unstated	0.83 (0.57, 1.21)	0.337	0.52 (0.29, 0.92)	0.025	0.70 (0.43, 1.16)	0.168	0.54 (0.29, 1.03)	0.060
Perceived income adequacy
Not enough money	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Barely enough	0.98 (0.77, 1.26)	0.895	1.02 (0.77, 1.35)	0.882	0.92 (0.69, 1.24)	0.583	0.97 (0.72, 1.32)	0.862
Enough money	0.90 (0.70, 1.15)	0.410	1.02 (0.77, 1.35)	0.896	0.92 (0.68, 1.24)	0.594	0.88 (0.65, 1.20)	0.412
More than enough	0.91 (0.69, 1.20)	0.505	0.95 (0.69, 1.32)	0.769	1.13 (0.81, 1.59)	0.474	0.97 (0.68, 1.39)	0.858
Unstated	0.67 (0.39, 1.16)	0.153	0.49 (0.24, 1.03)	0.061	0.52 (0.26, 1.07)	0.076	0.37 (0.17, 0.80)	0.011
Food insecurity experiences
No food insecurity experiences	0.48 (0.38, 0.60)	<0.001	0.24 (0.19, 0.31)	<0.001	0.31 (0.23, 0.41)	<0.001	0.22 (0.16, 0.29)	<0.001
Few food insecurity experiences	0.59 (0.47, 0.73)	<0.001	0.37 (0.29, 0.46)	<0.001	0.44 (0.33, 0.58)	<0.001	0.35 (0.26, 0.46)	<0.001
Several food insecurity experiences	0.80 (0.62, 1.04)	0.092	0.60 (0.46, 0.80)	<0.001	0.72 (0.52, 0.99)	0.042	0.61 (0.44, 0.84)	0.003
Many food insecurity experiences	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference

¹aOR, adjusted odds ratio.

²Ethnic categories in each country as per census questions asked in each country: 1) Australia majority = only speaks English at home, minority = speaks a language besides English at home; 2) Canada majority = white, minority = other ethnicity; 3) Chile majority = nonindigenous, minority = indigenous; 4) Mexico majority = nonindigenous, minority = indigenous; 5) UK majority = white, minority = other ethnicity; 6) USA majority = white, minority = other ethnicity.