Table 3.
Risk factors for hospital readmission due to infection after COVID-19 hospitalization.
| Multivariate analysis |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Readmission due to infection (n = 43) | Not readmitted to the hospital (n = 778) | RR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age in years median (range) | 61 (20‒83) | 56 (18‒101) | ‒ | 0.48 | ||
| Male gender | 21 (49%) | 415 (53%) | 0.99(0.96‒1.02) | 0.56 | ||
| Educational level | 0.66 | |||||
| 1 | 17 (40%) | 273 (35%) | ‒ | |||
| 2 | 9 (21%) | 139 (18%) | ‒ | |||
| 3 | 13 (30%) | 244 (31%) | ‒ | |||
| 4 | 3 (7%) | 101 (13%) | ‒ | |||
| BMI at hospital admission | 34 (19‒63) | 31 (14‒67) | ‒ | 0.04 | 1.04 (1.00‒1.09) | 0.05 |
| Variables associated with COVID-19 hospitalization | ||||||
| WHO severity class | 4 (1‒4) | 2 (1‒4) | ‒ | 0.02 | ||
| Days of hospital stay median (range) | 18 (1‒154) | 13 (1‒163) | ‒ | 0.09 | ||
| Admission to the ICU | 30 (70%) | 485 (62%) | 1.02 (0.99‒1.05) | 0.33 | ||
| Days of ICU stay median (range) | 7 (0‒76) | 3 (0‒126) | ‒ | 0.04 | ||
| Orotracheal intubation | 25 (58%) | 313 (40%) | 1.04 (1.00‒1.08) | 0.02 | 2.22 (1.14‒4.33) | 0.05 |
| Dialysis | 4 (9%) | 100 (13%) | 0.98 (0.94‒1.03) | 0.64 | ||
| Underlying diseases | ||||||
| Systemic arterial hypertension | 29 (67%) | 441 (57%) | 1.02 (0.99‒1.06) | 0.17 | ||
| Charlson score at hospital admission | 4 (1‒9) | 3 (1‒10) | ‒ | 0.02 | 1.26 (1.07‒1.48) | 0.006 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 6 (14%) | 38 (5%) | 1.10 (0.98‒1.24) | 0.01 | ||
| Asthma | 1 (2%) | 29 (4%) | 0.98 (0.92‒1.05) | 0.63 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (12%) | 101 (13%) | 1.00 (0.95‒1.04) | 0.80 | ||
| Smoking | 19 (44%) | 294 (38%) | 1.01 (0.98‒1.05) | 0.40 | ||
| Rheumatic disease | 12 (28%) | 215 (28%) | 1.00 (0.97‒1.04) | 0.97 | ||
| Sleep apnea | 8 (19%) | 129 (17%) | 1.01 (0.96‒1.05) | 0.73 | ||
| Hematologic disease | 0 | 16 (2%) | 0.94 (0.92‒0.96) | >0.99 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 18 (42%) | 278 (36%) | 1.01 (0.98‒1.05) | 0.42 | ||
| Cancer | 4 (9%) | 37 (5%) | 1.05 (0.95‒1.17) | 0.27 | ||
| Coronary heart disease | 8 (19%) | 93 (12%) | 1.03 (0.97‒1.10) | 0.20 | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 11 (26%) | 92 (12%) | 1.07 (1.00‒1.15) | 0.008 | 2.09 (0.96‒4.55) | 0.06 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 7 (16%) | 55 (7%) | 1.07 (0.98‒1.18) | 0.03 | 2.86 (1.16‒7.05) | 0.02 |
| Acute arterial occlusion | 0 | 9 (1%) | 0.95 (0.93‒0.96) | >0.99 | ||
| Thromboembolic events during hospital stay | 2 (5%) | 50 (%) | 0.99 (0.93‒1.04) | >0.99 | ||
| Chronic liver disease | 4 (9%) | 43 (6%) | 1.04 (0.95‒1.13) | 0.30 | ||
| Sedentary lifestyle after COVID-19 | 25 (58%) | 295 (6%) | 1.05 (1.01‒1.08) | 0.008 | ||
| Social economic class | 0.28 | |||||
| A | 1 (2%) | 19 (2%) | ‒ | |||
| B1 | 3 (7%) | 40 (5%) | ‒ | |||
| B2 | 3 (7%) | 141 (18%) | ‒ | |||
| C1 | 16 (37%) | 251 (32%) | ‒ | |||
| C2 | 17 (40%) | 224 (29%) | ‒ | |||
| D | 2 (5%) | 79 (10%) | ‒ | |||
| Symptoms after hospital discharge | ||||||
| Diarrhea | 17 (40%) | 167 (21%) | 1.06 (1.01‒1.11) | 0.006 | 2.60 (1.34‒5.06) | 0.005 |
| Myalgia | 24 (56%) | 317 (41%) | 1.03 (1.00‒1.07) | 0.05 | ||
| Chest pain | 16 (37%) | 197 (25%) | 1.03 (0.99‒1.08) | 0.08 | ||
| Cough | 22 (51%) | 302 (39%) | 1.03 (0.99‒1.06) | 0.11 | ||
| All 3 symptoms (diarrhea, myalgia, cough) | 6 (14%) | 54 (7%) | 1.06 (0.97‒1.15) | 0.09 | ||
| Any of the 3 symptoms (diarrhea, myalgia, cough) | 35 (81%) | 522 (67%) | 1.04 (1.00‒1.07) | 0.51 | ||
RR, Relative Risk; OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; BMI, Body Mass Index; ICU, Intensive Care Unit.