Table 1.
Patient characteristics according to presence of sepsis during ICU stay
| Sepsis (n = 282) | No sepsis (n = 606) | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.1 (47.0–69.8) | 59.1 (45.4–69.6) | 0.438 |
| Male gender—no. (%) | 174 (61.7) | 377 (62.2) | 0.882 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.0 (23.5–31.2) | 26.6 (23.1–30.9) | 0.393 |
| Marital status—no. (%) | |||
| Separated or divorced | 7/130 (5.4) | 45/353 (12.7) | 0.020 |
| Living with a loved one | 76/130 (58.5) | 227/353 (64.3) | 0.245 |
| APACHE III | 74.0 (57.0–96.0) | 59.0 (44.0–80.0) | < 0.001 |
| Type of admission—no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Medical | 217/280 (77.5) | 321/597 (53.8) | |
| Surgical | 63/280 (22.5) | 276/597 (46.2) | |
| Sepsis at ICU admission | 128/280 (45.7) | 0/605 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Acute respiratory failure | 50/265 (18.9) | 31/549 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac arrest | 13/276 (4.7) | 83/583 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diagnosis category—no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Cardiovascular | 59/280 (21.1) | 238/605 (39.3) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 24/280 (8.6) | 58/605 (9.6) | |
| Gynecological | 0/280 (0.0) | 2/605 (0.3) | |
| Hematological | 0/280 (0.0) | 2/605 (0.3) | |
| Metabolic | 3/280 (1.1) | 41/605 (6.8) | |
| Musculoskeletal and skin | 7/280 (2.5) | 14/605 (2.3) | |
| Neurological | 6/280 (2.1) | 33/605 (5.5) | |
| Renal and genitourinary | 2/280 (0.7) | 6/605 (1.0) | |
| Respiratory | 36/280 (12.9) | 118/605 (19.5) | |
| Sepsis | 128/280 (45.7) | 0/605 (0.0) | |
| Trauma | 15/280 (5.4) | 93/605 (15.4) | |
| Co-existing disorders–—no. (%) | |||
| Chronic respiratory failure | 0.016 | ||
| Lung transplant | 7/279 (2.5) | 41/590 (6.9) | |
| Other | 15/279 (5.4) | 24/590 (4.1) | |
| Chronic cardiovascular disease | 12/279 (4.3) | 32/590 (5.4) | 0.619 |
| Chronic liver disease | 12/279 (4.3) | 19/590 (3.2) | 0.437 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 8/279 (2.9) | 20/590 (3.4) | 0.838 |
| Chronic immune disease | 8/279 (2.9) | 9/590 (1.5) | 0.195 |
| Chronic immunosuppression | 29/279 (10.4) | 42/590 (7.1) | 0.112 |
| Diabetes | 95/276 (34.4) | 183/584 (31.3) | 0.391 |
| Hospital source of admission–—no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Home | 163/276 (59.1) | 408/586 (69.6) | |
| Other acute hospital not ICU | 57/276 (20.7) | 140/586 (23.9) | |
| Other hospital ICU | 55/276 (19.9) | 28/586 (4.8) | |
| Rehabilitation | 1/276 (0.4) | 6/586 (1.0) | |
| Nursing home | 0/276 (0.0) | 3/586 (0.5) | |
| Mental health | 0/276 (0.0) | 1/586 (0.2) | |
| ICU source of admission–—no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Emergency room | 79/280 (28.2) | 197/596 (33.1) | |
| Operating room | 64/280 (22.9) | 276/596 (46.3) | |
| Ward | 64/280 (22.9) | 63/596 (10.6) | |
| Other hospital ICU | 70/280 (25.0) | 57/596 (9.6) | |
| Other ICU | 3/280 (1.1) | 3/596 (0.5) | |
| Treatment limitation at ICU admission–—no. (%) | 10/269 (3.7) | 11/559 (2.0) | 0.177 |
| Clinical frailty score at ICU admission–—no. (%) | 0.121 | ||
| Non-frail | 175/216 (81.0) | 333/424 (78.5) | |
| Mild-to-moderate frail | 33/216 (15.3) | 84/424 (19.8) | |
| Severely frail | 8/216 (3.7) | 7/424 (1.7) | |
| Organ support during ICU stay–—no. (%) | |||
| Renal replacement therapy | 95/190 (50.0) | 58/395 (14.7) | < 0.001 |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 33/255 (12.9) | 27/525 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 69/238 (29.0) | 83/496 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
| Tracheostomy | 22/189 (11.6) | 21/402 (5.2) | 0.009 |
| Inotrope and/or vasopressor | 187/193 (96.9) | 333/397 (83.9) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory test at ICU admission | |||
| pH | 7.31 (7.24–7.40) | 7.34 (7.27–7.40) | 0.085 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 181.0 (112.9–288.0) | 242.2 (153.1–337.4) | < 0.001 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 2.8 (1.8–5.3) | 2.4 (1.6–4.4) | 0.037 |
Data are median (quartile 25%—quartile 75%) or No (%). Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. Denominators are shown when the overall sample size was not available
APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ICU, intensive care unit
ap values from Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables or Fisher exact test for categorical variables