Fig. 3.

The metabolic differences of Teffs, Tm, Tregs. When Tn cells were stimulated to recognize antigens, the resting state of energy supply by OHPHOS was broken. With the assistance of HIF1α and C-Myc, glutamine decomposition was enhanced, and a large amount of energy was provided by glycolysis. It will undergo a development process characterized by rapid growth, proliferation and acquisition of special effects, and then differentiate into Teffs, Tregs and Tm cells. FAO plays an important role in regulating T cell response. So far, FAO has been observed to regulate the balance between inflammatory Teffs and inhibitory Tregs, and maintain the function of long-lived Tm cells. Compared with Teffs, Tregs and Tm cells showed more FAO and OXPHOS, and FAO promoted the generation of Tregs. Interestingly, the down-regulation of FAO by Teffs depends more on glycolysis and TCA cycle energy supply. FOXP3 and AMPK promote the OXPHOS and increase ATP production to meet the energy supply in Tm cells and Tregs. mTOR increases glucose uptake by targeting Glut1, making Teffs play an effective role in the body