FIGURE 2.

Influence of endocannabinoid system modulation in neurodegenerative diseases disturbances. In AD, ECS modulation reduces Aβ plaques and tau phosphorylation. It was also observed a decrease in gliosis and neuroinflammation, marked by the reduction in proinflammatory markers, such as iNOS, IL-1β, and NF-κB. Hippocampal neurogenesis was also observed. There is an increase in the cognitive performance and decrease of agitation and aggressiveness in patients. In PD, studies showed a decrease in neuroinflammation and in dopaminergic neuron death, while enhancing the levels of dopamine, DOPAC and TH activity. It was also observed an increase in mitochondrial homeostasis, and decrease of neuroinflammation. Behavior improvements are reduction in psychotic symptoms and LID. In MS excitotoxicity and neuron death are decreased, while there is an increase in BDNF levels. Neuroinflammation is also decreased with the reduction in lymphocytes infiltration and release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α. There are several benefits regarding secondary symptoms, such as decrease in body pain, motor deficits, spasticity, sleep disorder, and spasms frequency, thus collaborating in the improvement of the patients’ life quality.