FIGURE 7.

Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) promoted dead‐box helicase 3 X‐linked (DDX3X)/NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) axis‐mediated pyroptosis via the JAK2/STAT1 pathway. (A) Relative mRNA levels of DDX3X and pyroptosis‐related genes (NLRP3, GSDMD, CASP‐1, interleukin [IL]‐1β) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐stimulated microglial cells with or without TLR4 overexpression and SB1518 treatment (10 µM, 48 h) (N = 5). (B and C) Released levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β and IL‐18) in the culture supernatants of each group (N = 5). (D and E) Representative immunoblot and statistical comparison of DDX3X and pyroptosis‐related proteins in each group (N = 3). (F and G) Representative immunofluorescence images of NLRP3 and quantification in different treated microglia (N = 5). (H and I) Representative immunohistochemical staining for NLRP3 and DDX3X and semiquantitative analysis at day 7 after spinal cord injury (SCI) or Sham surgery (N = 5). (J and K) Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) score and paw withdrawal threshold of the different groups on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after SCI or Sham surgery with/without SB1518 treatment (N = 6). (L) Rotarod test at day 28 post‐surgery in different groups (N = 6). *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 versus LPS/ATP or Sham, ^# p < .05, ^## p < .01 versus LPS/ATP + TLR4‐OE or SCI + DMSO