Table 3.

Multivariable-adjusted Hazard Ratio of infections and sepsis according to the osteoporosis status (Normal, Osteopenia, Osteoporosis).

	Normal	Osteopenia		Osteoporosis
	Hazard ratio (reference)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Pneumonia
BMD T-score at
ANY	1	0.98 (0.80, 1.21)	0.855	1.39 (1.07, 1.81)	0.015
L1-L4 Lumbar spine	1	1.04 (0.86, 1.26)	0.712	1.19 (0.94, 1.52)	0.156
Femoral neck	1	1.04 (0.86, 1.26)	0.680	1.47 (1.12, 1.92)	0.006
Total hip	1	1.04 (0.86, 1.25)	0.715	1.47 (1.14, 1.92)	0.003
UTI
BMD T-score at
ANY	1	1.08 (0.84, 1.39)	0.529	1.38 (1.01, 1.89)	0.042
L1-L4 Lumbar spine	1	1.07 (0.85, 1.34)	0.583	1.10 (0.82, 1.47)	0.529
Femoral neck	1	1.06 (0.84, 1.33)	0.626	1.53 (1.11, 2.09)	0.008
Total hip	1	1.09 (0.87, 1.37)	0.467	1.58 (1.16, 2.15)	0.003
Skin Infection
BMD T-score at
ANY	1	1.31 (0.99, 1.75)	0.063	1.60 (1.07, 2.40)	0.022
L1-L4 Lumbar spine	1	1.29 (0.98, 1.70)	0.072	1.51 (1.02, 2.22)	0.040
Femoral neck	1	1.16 (0.88, 1.53)	0.277	1.73 (1.12, 2.66)	0.013
Total hip	1	1.32 (1.00, 1.74)	0.053	1.92 (1.26, 2.92)	0.002
Sepsis
BMD T-score at
ANY	1	1.20 (0.85, 1.69)	0.312	1.48 (0.95, 2.33)	0.085
L1-L4 Lumbar spine	1	1.15 (0.84, 1.58)	0.386	1.21 (0.80, 1.84)	0.367
Femoral neck	1	1.36 (0.98, 1.89)	0.063	1.81 (1.15, 2.85)	0.011
Total hip	1	1.14 (0.83, 1.57)	0.416	1.81 (1.17, 2.78)	0.007

Model was adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, smoking status, drinking status, physical activeness, and presence of comorbidities of infection, serum 25(OH)D, serum calcium, serum phosphate, prescription of steroids and bisphosphonates within one-year, and history of major osteoporotic fracture within one-year.