Table 1.

Common data sources and terms associated with questionnaire-based sleep and circadian assessments

	Types	Examples
Common data sources	Validated questionnaires	PSQI, ESS, MCTQ
	Specific questions	Do you snore?
	Sleep diaries	Diaries for sleep–wake pattern assessments or for informing actigraphy studies
	Interviews	Structured and unstructured
	Observer reports	Parent reports
	Clinical notes	Notes in electronic health records
	Ecological momentary assessments	Social network data
	Passive data sensing	Smart Speakers
Common data terms	Sleep quality and restfulness	Good sleep quality, feel rested
	Daytime symptoms and consequences	Excessively sleepy
	Sleep timing and chronotype	Morning or evening types
	Self-reported quantitative data	Sleep latency, sleep duration, time spent awake
	Sleep disorder related symptoms	Snoring, witnessed apneas, restless legs, sleepwalking
	Medication or substance use	Sleep aids, melatonin
	Contextual variables	Sleep environment, social and physical factors, use of electronics, consumption of caffeine
	Attitudes and beliefs about sleep	Cultural factors (e.g. “siesta”)

PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS, Epworth sleepiness scale; MCTQ, Munich ChronoType Questionnaire.