Table 2.
Mouse models of diabetic kidney disease
| Strain | Model compartments (see Fig. 1) | Diabetogenic mechanism | Reported features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 diabetes | |||
| C57BL/6 | Immune cell recruitment, resorption, filtration | Streptozotocin | Mild glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, mild albuminuria, GFR increase, hyperglycemia |
| Akita (Ins2C96Y) on C57BL/6 | Immune cell recruitment, structural support, filtration | Toxic mutation in insulin 2 gene | GBM thickening, mesangial expansion, albuminuria, hyperglycemia, hypertension |
| ApoE−/− on C57BL/6 | Immune cell recruitment, resorption, filtration | Streptozotocin + hyperlipidemia | Glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, albuminuria, hyperglycemia |
| Nos3−/− on C57BL/6 | Immune cell recruitment, filtration | STZ + NO deficiency | Glomerular fibrosis, albuminuria, hyperglycemia |
| BALB/c | Immune cell recruitment, filtration | Streptozotocin | Glomerular damage, hyperglycemia; no change in GFR |
| DBA/2 J | Immune cell recruitment, resorption, structural support | Streptozotocin | Glomerular fibrosis, tubulointerstitial damage, hyperglycemia |
| Akita (Ins2C96Y) on DBA/2 J | Immune cell recruitment, resorption, filtration, structural support | Toxic mutation in insulin 2 gene | Albuminuria, hyperglycemia |
| OVE on FVB | Immune cell recruitment, resorption, filtration, structural support | Calmodulin mutation and toxic protein accumulation | Glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, albuminuria, GFR reduction, hyperglycemia, hypertension |
| TTRhRen on FVB | Immune cell recruitment, resorption, structural support | Hypertension + streptozotocin | Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, mesangial expansion, albuminuria, GFR decrease, hyperglycemia, hypertension |
| CD1 | Immune cell recruitment, resorption, structural support | Streptozotocin | Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, mesangial expansion, albuminuria, hyperglycemia |
| 129/SV | Immune cell recruitment, filtration | Streptozotocin + 2 renin receptors | Albuminuria, hyperglycemia |
| Akita (Ins2C96Y) on 129/SV | Immune cell recruitment, structural support | Toxic mutation in insulin 2 gene | Mesangial expansion, albuminuria, hyperglycemia, hypertension |
| KKH1J | Immune cell recruitment, filtration | Streptozotocin | Glomerular damage, albuminuria, hyperglycemia |
| NOD Mice | Filtration, structural support | Genetic obesity + streptozotocin | Hyperglycemia |
| Type 2 diabetes | |||
| Db/db on C57BL/Ks | Immune cell recruitment, structural support | Leptin resistance | Mesangial expansion, albuminuria, hyperglycemia |
| Db/db Nos3−/− on C57BL/Ks | Immune cell recruitment, filtration, and structural support | Leptin resistance + NO deficiency | Albuminuria, GFR decrease, hyperglycemia |
| Ob/ob | Immune cell recruitment, filtration, and structural support | Leptin deficiency | Hyperglycemia |
| Ob/ob on BTBR | Immune cell recruitment, filtration, and structural support | Leptin deficiency + hyperinsulinemia | Hyperglycemia |
| KK and KKay | Immune cell recruitment, filtration, and structural support | Agouti gene | Albuminuria, hyperglycemia, hypertension |
Based on Nguyen et al., 2019 [72]
Abbreviations: GFR glomerular filtration rate, NOD non-obese diabetic, FVB Friend leukaemia virus B, STZ + NO deficiency, streptozotocin + nitric oxide deficiency