Table 5.
Comparison of characteristics according to exposure to TNFis in the IPTW-adjusted population
| TNFi exposed (N = 207.57) | TNFi not exposed (N = 192) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Age, year, weighted mean (SE) | 36.083 (1.587) | 36.188 (0.956) | 0.955 |
| Male, weighted n (%) | 148.90 (71.73) | 142.00 (73.96) | 0.749 |
| Hypertension, weighted n (%) | 25.52 (12.30) | 23.00 (11.98) | 0.934 |
| Diabetes mellitus, weighted n (%) | 13.59 (6.54) | 12.00 (6.25) | 0.924 |
| Dyslipidemia, weighted n (%) | 32.44 (15.63) | 28.00 (14.58) | 0.821 |
| Current Smoker, weighted n (%) | 20.91 (10.07) | 20.00 (10.42) | 0.924 |
| BMI, kg/m2, weighted mean (SE) | 23.815 (0.351) | 23.676 (0.268) | 0.752 |
| AxSpA-related factors | |||
| Symptom duration, year, weighted mean (SE) | 6.926 (0.591) | 7.045 (0.573) | 0.885 |
| HLA-B27 positive, weighted n (%) | 177.37 (85.45) | 152.00 (79.17) | 0.162 |
| Radiographic axSpA, weighted n (%) | 168.50 (81.18) | 152.00 (79.17) | 0.695 |
| Syndesmophyte present, weighted n (%) | 66.18 (31.88) | 52.00 (27.08) | 0.493 |
| ESR, mm/h, weighted mean (SE) | 26.038 (2.423) | 27.156 (1.837) | 0.713 |
| CRP, mg/L, weighted mean (SE) | 8.866 (1.165) | 10.555 (1.700) | 0.413 |
| Medications | |||
| Non-selective NSAIDs, weighted n (%) | 144.55 (69.64) | 155.00 (80.73) | 0.105 |
| Selective COX-2 inhibitors, weighted n (%) | 166.84 (80.38) | 159.00 (82.81) | 0.742 |
| Methotrexate, weighted n (%) | 16.21 (7.81) | 13.00 (6.77) | 0.737 |
| Sulfasalazine, weighted n (%) | 152.30 (73.37) | 154.00 (80.21) | 0.336 |
| Aspirin, weighted n (%) | 7.29 (3.51) | 5.00 (2.60) | 0.704 |
| ACEi or ARB, weighted n (%) | 20.71 (9.98) | 19.00 (9.90) | 0.982 |
| SGLT2 inhibitors, weighted n (%) | 2.12 (1.02) | 3.00 (1.56) | 0.624 |
| Statin, weighted n (%) | 25.91 (12.48) | 22.00 (11.46) | 0.808 |
| Time-averaged ESR, mm/h, weighted mean (SE) | 16.354 (1.769) | 15.149 (0.850) | 0.540 |
| Time-averaged CRP, mg/l, weighted mean (SE) | 4.901 (1.103) | 4.617 (0.442) | 0.811 |
| Incident cardiovascular disease, weighted n (%) | 7.11 (3.42) | 12.00 (6.25) | 0.403 |
TNFi tumor necrosis factor inhibitor, BMI body mass index, HLA human leukocyte antigen, axSpA axial spondyloarthritis, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter-2, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2