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. 2022 Jun 13;29:39. doi: 10.1186/s12929-022-00825-y

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Quantum proton tunneling under REMFS Stage 1. A REMFS oscillations affect the H-bond and produce a driven quantum harmonic oscillator which adapts to the REMFS frequency (higher frequencies do not give enough time to allow the system to adapt, they also produce thermal effects). B The Interfacial (IF) water H-bond length shortens the distance from acceptor oxygen from RNA and water covalent bond stretches. C Covalent bond breaks and Hydrogen protonates acceptor oxygen by proton tunneling. D Protonation cause tautomeric forms