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. 2022 Jun 13;20:210. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02399-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Multivariable regression and Mendelian randomization results for the risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with higher genetically predicted DHA and total omega-3 fatty acids among individuals of European ancestry. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) of cardiovascular diseases per standard unit increase in DHA and total omega-3 fatty acids with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Full symbols indicate associations at P-value lower than the threshold accounting multiple testing (P < 0.006). Multivariable regression results are adjusted by for sex, age, BMI, fasting time, alcohol intake, frequency, statins use and total circulating fatty acids. DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; MV: multivariable regression; MR: Mendelian randomization; MVMR: multivariable Mendelian randomization; FA: fatty acids; TG: triglycerides; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoB: apolipoprotein B