Table 2.
Adjusted per‐patient per‐year total health care costs in patients with and without DVT, PE, malignancy, anemia, infection, or MACE while on index therapy
| Comorbidity of Interest | Cost With Comorbidity | Cost Without Comorbidity | Cost Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMARD‐naïve | ||||
| Anemia, mean PPPY | $30,364 | $15,956 | 1.90 (1.82‐1.99) | <0.0001 |
| Malignancy a , mean PPPY | $47,908 | $17,821 | 2.69 (2.49‐2.90) | <0.0001 |
| DVT, mean PPPY | $36,958 | $18,128 | 2.04 (1.77‐2.35) | <0.0001 |
| PE, mean PPPY | $46,991 | $18,180 | 2.58 (2.06‐3.24) | <0.0001 |
| Infection, mean PPPY | $19,634 | $13,594 | 1.44 (1.41‐1.48) | <0.0001 |
| Serious infection, mean PPPY | $37,714 | $15,932 | 2.37 (2.28‐2.46) | <0.0001 |
| Opportunistic infection, mean PPPY | $25,706 | $17,994 | 1.43 (1.35‐1.51) | <0.0001 |
| HZ, mean PPPY | $22,533 | $18,389 | 1.23 (1.12‐1.34) | <0.0001 |
| Two‐part MACE b , mean PPPY | $54,885 | $17,592 | 3.12 (2.87‐3.40) | <0.0001 |
| Four‐part MACE c , mean PPPY | $61,811 | $17,256 | 3.58 (3.32‐3.87) | <0.0001 |
| csDMARD‐switchers | ||||
| Anemia, mean PPPY | $50,097 | $26,959 | 1.86 (1.74‐1.99) | <0.0001 |
| Malignancy a , mean PPPY | $81,779 | $28,565 | 2.86 (2.55‐3.22) | <0.0001 |
| DVT, mean PPPY | $60,430 | $28,927 | 2.09 (1.68‐2.60) | <0.0001 |
| PE, mean PPPY | $77,942 | $29,000 | 2.69 (1.94‐3.73) | <0.0001 |
| Infections, mean PPPY | $32,431 | $22,774 | 1.42 (1.36‐1.49) | <0.0001 |
| Serious infection, mean PPPY | $52,935 | $26,723 | 1.98 (1.88‐2.09) | <0.0001 |
| Opportunistic infection, mean PPPY | $39,239 | $28,947 | 1.36 (1.25‐1.47) | <0.0001 |
| HZ, mean PPPY | $30,638 | $29,515 | 1.04 (0.92‐1.17) | 0.5429 |
| Two‐part MACE b , mean PPPY | $59,545 | $28,850 | 2.06 (1.83‐2.32) | <0.0001 |
| Four‐part MACE c , mean PPPY | $60,270 | $28,741 | 2.10 (1.87‐2.35) | <0.0001 |
| bDMARD‐switchers | ||||
| Anemia, mean PPPY | $64,944 | $51,920 | 1.25 (1.19‐1.32) | <0.0001 |
| Malignancy a , mean PPPY | $78,968 | $52,877 | 1.49 (1.37‐1.63) | <0.0001 |
| DVT, mean PPPY | $67,624 | $53,464 | 1.26 (1.09‐1.47) | 0.0025 |
| PE, mean PPPY | $92,635 | $53,435 | 1.73 (1.38‐2.17) | <0.0001 |
| Infections, mean PPPY | $53,658 | $49,163 | 1.09 (1.06‐1.13) | <0.0001 |
| Serious infection, mean PPPY | $66,967 | $51,402 | 1.30 (1.25‐1.35) | <0.0001 |
| Opportunistic infection, mean PPPY | $58,926 | $53,424 | 1.10 (1.04‐1.16) | 0.0004 |
| HZ, mean PPPY | $56,183 | $53,737 | 1.05 (0.96‐1.13) | 0.2876 |
| Two‐part MACE b , mean PPPY | $79,109 | $53,018 | 1.49 (1.37‐1.63) | <0.0001 |
| Four‐part MACE c , mean PPPY | $86,347 | $52,673 | 1.64 (1.51‐1.78) | <0.0001 |
Malignancy excludes nonmelanoma skin cancer.
Two‐part MACE includes nonfatal MI and nonfatal stroke.
Four‐part MACE includes nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for unstable angina.
Costs are calculated for the duration of index treatment in 2017 US dollars.
Abbreviations: bDMARD, biologic DMARD; CI, confidence interval; csDMARD, conventional synthetic DMARD; DMARD, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HZ, herpes zoster; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; MI, myocardial infarction; PE, pulmonary embolism; PPPY, per‐patient per‐year.