Correlation coefficients between growth and Δ13C for understory and canopy trees for the three sites; within tree correlations are calculated as the mean of individual tree correlations that have at least eight data points using raw and detrended data; correlations between trees consist of correlations between the mean growth and mean Δ13C in the understory and canopy life stages; understory is defined as trees smaller than 30, 20 and 15 cm in diameter for Bolivia, Yucatan and Oaxaca, respectively; values between brackets for the within-tree correlations give the standard error of the variation between trees in correlation coefficients. ns, *, P< 0.05.