Table 1.
Rectal Swab-Screened Patients. Trends in VRE, ESBL, CPE, and MDR/XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii Carriage Between 2015 and 2019
| Period Patients |
Total n (%) | 2015 n (%) | 2016 n (%) | 2017 n (%) | 2018 n (%) | 2019 n (%) | p -value (2015–2019) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screened patients | 5008 | 433 | 704 | 1095 | 1212 | 1564 | ↑ |
| Positive patients | 1853 (37%) | 121 (27.94%) | 236 (33.52%) | 399 (36.43%) | 551 (45.46%) | 546 (34.91%) | ↑ <0.05 |
| VRE+ | 885 (17.67%) | 39 (9%) | 100 (14.2%) | 207 (18.9%) | 278 (22.93%) | 261 (16.68%) | ↑ <0.001 |
| E. coli ESBL+ | 730 (14.57%) | 61 (14.08%) | 109 (15.48%) | 160 (14.61%) | 200 (16.5%) | 200 (12.78%) | ↓ 0.47 |
| E. coli carbapenemase+ | 19 (0.37%) | 0 | 1 (0.14%) | 1 (0.09%) | 9 (0.74%) | 8 (0.51%) | ↑ 0.19 |
| K. pneumoniae ESBL+ | 408 (8.14%) | 33 (7.62%) | 63 (8.94%) | 97 (8.85%) | 98 (8.08%) | 117 (7.48%) | ↓ 0.92 |
| K. pneumoniae carbapenemase+ | 255 (5.09%) | 5 (1.15%) | 17 (2.41%) | 64 (5.84%) | 91 (7.5%) | 78 (4.98%) | ↑ <0.001 |
| Other ESBL+ Enterobacterales | 157 (3.13%) | 19 (4.38%) | 16 (2.27%) | 57 (5.2%) | 18 (1.48%) | 47 (3%) | ↓ 0.15 |
| Other carbapenemase+ Enterobacterales | 33 (0.65%) | 0 | 1 (0.14%) | 5 (0.45%) | 7 (0.57%) | 20 (1.27%) | ↑ <0.05 |
| P. aeruginosa MDR/XDR | 96 (1.91%) | 5 (1.15%) | 15 (2.13%) | 14 (1.27%) | 32 (2.64%) | 30 (1.91%) | ↑ 0.28 |
| A. baumannii MDR/XDR | 80 (1.59%) | 5 (1.15%) | 12 (1.7%) | 10 (0.91%) | 21 (1.73%) | 32 (2.04%) | ↑ 0.22 |
Notes: + = positive, ↑= increase, ↓= decrease, numbers in bold means statistically significant.
Abbreviations: n, number; VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; CPE, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales; MDR/XDR, multidrug resistant/extended drug resistant.