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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Mar 31;2:16017. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.17

Fig. 2 |. Combinatorial effects of lifestyle factors on risk of AF.

Fig. 2 |

Unhealthy Lifestyle factors, such as Lack of regular exercise, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, individually show no to moderate association with risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), with a lack of regular exercise having the strongest association with increased risk of AF (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.11). However, the combined presence of smoking and lack of regular exercise markedly increases AF risk (HR 1.21), which is similar to the increase in risk of AF in individuals with all three risk factors (HR 1.22). Data are from a nationwide population-based study of 1,719,401 Korean individuals of 66 years of age39. Adapted from REF.39, CC BY 4.0.