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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 13.
Published in final edited form as: Women (Basel). 2021 Sep 14;1(3):143–168. doi: 10.3390/women1030014

Table 5.

Summary of impact of participant exposure, study duration, and adherence in studies that measured muscular strength in older women.

Study and Duration PS # Sets # Reps (Midpoint of Range) # Exercises Participant Exposure Score (Reps X Sets X Exercises) Total Sessions (Times/Wk x Total # Weeks) Total Minutes (# Sessions x Minutes/Session) Adherence 1RM Bench or Chest Press 1RM Bicep Curl (or >timed curl) >1RM Knee Extension >1RM Leg Press Other Strength Measure
Short-length studies (<12 wks)
dos Santos [33] 5 3 10 8 240 24 ? ≥85% x x x x
Nabuco [43] 2 3 10 8 240 24 ? ? High PRO Total strength > high PRO
Medium-length studies (≥12 to <24 wks)
Aguiar [21] 7 2 12.5 8 200 36 2160 ? x x x
Barbalho [22] 4 3.75 10 8 240 24 ? 95% x x x
Correa [28] 5 3 ? 3 lower body ? 36 ? x >muscle activation
Cunha [29] 4 2 12.5 8 100 LV or 300 HV 36 540 LV or 1620 HV ≥85% x x
Daly [30] 4 3 9 7 189 48 2880 89% NS diff in muscle strength. Why? Adherence was good
de Resende-Netro [31] 5 2 9 8 144 36 1620 ? Functional and trad RT > strength
Francis [35] 4 3.5 12 9 378 36 1908 82–86% >in PRO + RT
Gualano [37] 6 2 10 7 175 60 ? ≥84% >1RM bench press in RT + CR >1RM Leg Press in RT + CR
Kim [38] 4 1 8 varying ? 24 ? 70–80% >only in EX + AA
Letieri [39] 6 4 ? High or low blood flow occlusion H: 112 or L: 240 48 2160 ? Isokinetic torque of KE (R/L) and LC higher in both groups
Nabuco [42] 5 3 10 8 240 36 ? ? >WP vs. PLA >WP vs. PLA >total strength in WP vs. PLA
Nabuco [44] 6 3 8 8 192 36 ? ? Both> Both> Both> Both > total strength
Rabelo [46] 4 3 10 10 300 72 4320 ≥85% RT > KE peak torque
Radaelli [47] 3 2 14.5 10 L: 145
H: 435
26 L: 585
H: 1430
1RM KE > both grps Muscle activation > both grps
Ramirez-Campillo [49] 4 3 8 8 192 36 ? ? High and low spd > strength
Ramirez-Campillo [50] 4 3 8 8 2x = 192
3x = 128
2x = 24
3x = 36
2x = 1440
3x = 2160
? > isometric hand grip strength
Ribeiro [51] 4 3 11.5 8 300 96 ? ≥85% Both pyramid and constant training >
Ribeiro [52] 5 3 10 8 240 48 ? ≥85% Both pyramid and trad > Both pyramid and trad > Both pyramid and trad >
Strandberg [54] 4 3 13.5 7 283.5 48 ? ? RT+HD and RT > vs. CTL
Sugihara [56] 5 3 10 8 240 36 1800 ? Both > WP > PLA Both > WP > PLA Both > WP > PLA
Tiggeman [57] 4 2 12 6 144 24 ? ? Both > KE Both > LP

1RM = 1-repetition maximum; AA = amino acid; CON or CTL = control group; CR = Creatine; FFM = fat-free mass; HV = high volume; KE = knee extension; LBM = lean body mass; LC = leg curl; LV = low volume; NS = non-significant changes; PLA = placebo; PRO = protein; PS = PEDRO Score; RT = resistance training; WP = whey protein.

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