Table 4.
Logistic regressions of perceived shortages, changes in cooking frequency, and household food storage habits during the COVID-19 outbreak.
| (1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VARIABLES | Perceived shortages | Cooking more | More fridge food | More freezer food | Added fridge capacity | Added freezer capacity |
| Cooking more | 3.603*** | 3.779*** | 1.765** | 1.974 | ||
| (0.896) | (0.823) | (0.431) | (0.931) | |||
| Perceived shortages | 1.141 | 1.238 | 2.014*** | 4.260*** | ||
| (0.321) | (0.324) | (0.442) | (1.300) | |||
| Employed | 0.819 | 1.017 | 1.180 | 1.054 | 1.079 | 1.951 |
| (0.176) | (0.254) | (0.260) | (0.254) | (0.349) | (0.991) | |
| More time available | 0.953 | 3.621*** | 2.082*** | 1.757*** | 1.491 | 1.988 |
| (0.209) | (1.094) | (0.567) | (0.372) | (0.456) | (0.834) | |
| Less time available | 2.755*** | 1.052 | 2.085* | 1.967* | 0.721 | 1.059 |
| (0.884) | (0.340) | (0.876) | (0.728) | (0.239) | (0.660) | |
| Household income ($50,000-$100,000) | 1.081 | 1.256 | 1.307 | 1.272 | 1.817 | 0.703 |
| (0.328) | (0.320) | (0.414) | (0.341) | (0.686) | (0.432) | |
| Household income (>$100,000) | 0.977 | 1.764 | 1.595 | 1.284 | 2.246** | 1.517 |
| (0.349) | (0.656) | (0.655) | (0.413) | (0.839) | (0.938) | |
| Income disruption | 1.733** | 1.655** | 0.899 | 0.836 | 0.743 | 0.905 |
| (0.380) | (0.356) | (0.214) | (0.195) | (0.208) | (0.377) | |
| Received government aid during COVID-19 | 1.061 | 1.750 | 1.379 | 1.230 | 1.831 | 1.921 |
| (0.308) | (0.678) | (0.407) | (0.350) | (0.732) | (0.810) | |
| Received Economic Impact Payment | 1.294 | 1.481 | 0.959 | 0.867 | 1.158 | 2.157 |
| (0.378) | (0.560) | (0.252) | (0.254) | (0.326) | (1.199) | |
| Increased risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms | 1.523* | 1.171 | 1.974*** | 1.447** | 0.549** | 0.423* |
| (0.367) | (0.281) | (0.392) | (0.255) | (0.142) | (0.195) | |
| Personal likelihood of indoor dining | 0.861 | 0.656*** | 1.026 | 0.832* | 1.456** | 2.056*** |
| (0.0810) | (0.0666) | (0.121) | (0.0919) | (0.219) | (0.380) | |
| Personal likelihood of in-store grocery shopping | 1.158** | 0.878 | 0.973 | 0.941 | 0.853 | 1.025 |
| (0.0716) | (0.0868) | (0.0825) | (0.0825) | (0.0956) | (0.161) | |
| Personal likelihood of restaurant pick-up | 1.006 | 1.194* | 0.969 | 1.128 | 0.968 | 0.792 |
| (0.0970) | (0.114) | (0.0994) | (0.115) | (0.177) | (0.180) | |
| Perceived risk of indoor dining | 1.034 | 1.196** | 0.867* | 0.981 | 0.688*** | 0.716* |
| (0.0839) | (0.0983) | (0.0751) | (0.0782) | (0.0836) | (0.135) | |
| Perceived risk of in-store grocery shopping | 1.049 | 1.099 | 1.003 | 1.074 | 1.058 | 1.119 |
| (0.0741) | (0.0903) | (0.0902) | (0.0918) | (0.120) | (0.213) | |
| Perceived risk of restaurant pick-up | 1.054 | 0.988 | 1.238** | 1.020 | 1.583*** | 1.646** |
| (0.101) | (0.0967) | (0.131) | (0.107) | (0.282) | (0.407) | |
| Female | 0.994 | 0.767 | 1.111 | 0.874 | 0.456** | 0.582 |
| (0.168) | (0.194) | (0.279) | (0.195) | (0.143) | (0.216) | |
| Participant age: 35–64 years | 1.851 | 1.209 | 1.843 | 1.728 | 0.916 | 1.208 |
| (0.954) | (0.402) | (0.709) | (0.595) | (0.388) | (0.773) | |
| Participant age: 65 and older | 1.819 | 0.930 | 0.953 | 1.124 | 0.539 | 1.222 |
| (0.922) | (0.285) | (0.394) | (0.379) | (0.237) | (1.012) | |
| White | 1.157 | 0.519** | 0.593 | 0.934 | 0.628* | 1.205 |
| (0.362) | (0.146) | (0.191) | (0.280) | (0.165) | (0.580) | |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 0.905 | 1.435 | 1.005 | 0.796 | 0.881 | 1.129 |
| (0.276) | (0.349) | (0.256) | (0.173) | (0.270) | (0.438) | |
| Household size | 1.089 | 1.181** | 0.902 | 1.041 | 1.165* | 1.420** |
| (0.0820) | (0.0885) | (0.0762) | (0.0823) | (0.0929) | (0.214) | |
| Change in household size (July 2019–July 2020) | 0.960 | 0.779*** | 0.936* | 1.001 | 1.018 | 0.787*** |
| (0.0318) | (0.0668) | (0.0322) | (0.0419) | (0.0384) | (0.0483) | |
| Region of U.S.: | ||||||
| Northeast | 2.362** | 1.191 | 1.726 | 1.761** | 2.892*** | 0.872 |
| (0.965) | (0.387) | (0.594) | (0.502) | (1.158) | (0.518) | |
| South | 1.483 | 1.240 | 1.946* | 1.372 | 2.476*** | 1.537 |
| (0.544) | (0.335) | (0.744) | (0.386) | (0.804) | (0.869) | |
| West | 1.221 | 1.663* | 1.294 | 1.384 | 3.281*** | 1.010 |
| (0.442) | (0.495) | (0.530) | (0.395) | (1.090) | (0.671) | |
| Constant | 0.0277*** | 0.286* | 0.0573*** | 0.0877*** | 0.0464*** | 0.000356*** |
| (0.0228) | (0.201) | (0.0409) | (0.0584) | (0.0424) | (0.000418) | |
| Observations | 508 | 508 | 508 | 508 | 508 | 508 |
Odds ratios reported with standard errors clustered at the risk profile level listed in parentheses.
*, **, *** indicates significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively.