Table 1.

Questionnaires based on the protection motivation theory constructs and oral health literacy.

PMT constructs	Example of items	Options	Number of items	Range of scores	Cronbach's alpha
Perceived vulnerability	I look ugly with yellow and rotten teeth.	1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = no idea, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree	8	8–40	0.65
Perceived severity	If I do not brush my teeth, I may have decayed teeth and gum disease.		9	9–45	0.70
Response costs	I do not go because of the high cost of dentistry.		10	10–50	0.74
Response efficacy	If I spend enough time on my oral health, I will look more beautiful.		6	6–30	0.72
Self-efficacy	I floss even when I am at a party or traveling.		11	11–55	0.87
Cue to action	Seeing general education materials in public places encourages my oral hygiene.		6	6–30	0.67