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. 2022 Jan 27;51(4):2269–2298. doi: 10.1007/s10508-021-02132-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Structural equation model linking marginalization and loneliness. Notes: Daily Discrim/Harass = everyday discrimination/harassment, Family Reject = family rejection, Comm Involvement = community involvement, IH = internalized homonegativity, Conceal = concealment, Stigma Preocc = stigma preoccupation, Social Inhib = social inhibition, Social Lonely = social loneliness, Emo Lonely = emotional loneliness. For ease of presentation, direct associations between community involvement/proximal stress and both forms of loneliness are not shown, nor are direct associations between marginalization/community involvement and social anxiety/inhibition (see Table 3 for coefficients). The following correlated residuals (essentially factor correlations) are also not shown: internalized homonegativity and concealment (r = .37, p < .001), internalized homonegativity and stigma preoccupation (r = .51, p < .001), concealment and stigma preoccupation (r = .39, p < .001), social anxiety and social inhibition (r = .35, p < .001), and social and emotional loneliness (r = .74, p < .001). All values are standardized regression coefficients. ^a Strongest path fixed to 1.0 for statistical identification, thus p-value cannot be computed. ***p < .001, **p < .01