Table 1.
Characteristics of patients treated with transarterial embolization (n = 192)
| Characteristics | Variable |
|---|---|
| Door-to-angiography time, median (IQR), min | 106 (78–134) |
| Door-to-embolization time, median (IQR), min | 150 (121–184) |
| Origin of admission, n (%) | |
| Scene | 92 (47.9) |
| Transfer | 100 (52.1) |
| Time of admission | |
| Weekday or day, n (%) | 58 (30.2) |
| Weekend or night or holiday, n (%) | 134 (69.8) |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 58 (41–70) |
| Female, n (%) | 87 (45.3) |
| Injury mechanism, n (%) | |
| Car TA | 13 (6.8) |
| Motorcycle TA | 19 (9.9) |
| Pedestrian TA | 69 (35.9) |
| Fall | 67 (34.9) |
| Entrapment | 12 (6.2) |
| Others | 12 (6.2) |
| Physiology at admission | |
| Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR), mmHg | 90 (70–100) |
| Heart rate, median (IQR), beats/min | 94 (80–113) |
| Shock index, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) |
| Hemodynamic instability, n (%) | 62 (32.3) |
| Lactic acid, median (IQR), mmol/L | 3.8 (2.4–6.3) |
| Base excess, median (IQR) | − 4.0 (− 7.6 to − 0.9) |
| ISS, median (IQR) | 33 (25–41) |
| GCS, median (IQR) | 15 (11–15) |
| RTS, median (IQR) | 7.33 (6.38–7.84) |
| TRISS score, median (IQR) | 0.83 (0.62–0.94) |
| WSES grade, n (%) | |
| II | 25 (13.0) |
| III | 105 (54.7) |
| IV | 62 (32.3) |
| Head and neck AIS ≥ 3, n (%) | 52 (27.1) |
| Chest AIS ≥ 3, n (%) | 105 (54.7) |
| Abdomen AIS ≥ 3, n (%) | 67 (34.9) |
| Any surgery, n (%) | 173 (90.1) |
| Any surgery within 24 h, n (%) | 67 (34.9) |
| Pelvis surgery within 24 h, n (%) | 15 (7.8) |
| Outcome | |
| 28-day free ICU stay, median (IQR), days | 21 (3–26) |
| 90-day free hospital stay, median (IQR), days | 48 (0–63) |
| pRBC transfusion | |
| ≤ 4 h pRBC transfusion, median (IQR), packs | 3 (1–6) |
| 4–24 h pRBC transfusion, median (IQR), packs | 2 (0–4) |
| 24 h pRBC transfusion, median (IQR), packs | 5 (2–11) |
| MT within 4 h (≥ 10 packs pRBC), n (%) | 13 (6.8) |
| MT between 4–24 h (≥ 10 packs pRBC), n (%) | 19 (9.9) |
| MT within 24 h (≥ 10 packs pRBC), n (%) | 52 (27.1) |
| Mortality within 24 h, n (%) | 7 (3.7) |
| Overall mortality, n (%) | 28 (14.6) |
| Hemorrhage, n (%)* | 7 (25) |
| Sepsis or organ failure, n (%)* | 11 (39.3) |
| Traumatic brain injury, n (%)* | 8 (28.6) |
| Others, n (%)* | 2 (7.1) |
Values are presented as numbers (%) or medians (interquartile range)
IQR interquartile range, TA traffic accident, ISS Injury Severity Score, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, RTS Revised Trauma Score, AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, TRISS Trauma and Injury Severity Score, WSES World Society of Emergency Surgery, pRBC packed red blood cells, ICU intensive care unit, MT massive transfusion
*Attributable percentage of total mortality