Table 3.

Pairwise comparison of Ins1 expression between groups based on Mann–Whitney Test.

P value	Treatment 100	Treatment 200	Treatment 400	Experimental healthy 100	Experimental healthy 200	Experimental healthy 400	Pretreatment 100	Pretreatment 200	Pretreatment 400	Sham	Control
Treatment 100	–	0.109	0.006	0.150	0.423	0.631	0.337	0.749	0.037	0.109	0.002
Treatment 200	0.109	–	0.055	0.010	0.037	0.200	0.055	0.150	0.631	0.010	0.002
Treatment 400	0.006	0.055	–	0.004	0.004	0.010	0.004	0.006	0.109	0.004	0.305
Experimental healthy 100	0.150	0.010	0.004	–	0.522	0.078	0.522	0.037	0.004	0.749	0.002
Experimental healthy 200	0.423	0.037	0.004	0.522	–	0.337	0.749	0.262	0.006	0.337	0.002
Experimental healthy 400	0.631	0.200	0.010	0.078	0.337	–	0.262	0.873	0.055	0.037	0.002
Pretreatment 100	0.337	0.055	0.004	0.522	0.749	0.262	–	0.262	0.004	0.337	0.002
Pretreatment 200	0.749	0.150	0.006	0.037	0.262	0.873	0.262	–	0.025	0.016	0.002
Pretreatment 400	0.037	0.631	0.109	0.004	0.006	0.055	0.004	0.025	–	0.004	0.002
Sham	0.109	0.010	0.004	0.749	0.337	0.037	0.337	0.016	0.004	–	0.002
Control	0.002	0.002	0.305	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	–

The gene expression was calculated based on fold change by.

ΔCt = Ct (target gene) − Ct (Housekeeping gene).

ΔΔCt = ΔCt (Experimental sample) − ΔCt (Normal sample).

Gene expression = 2 − ΔΔ.